Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

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Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theories and methods

NUDGE: IMPROVING DECISIONS ABOUT HEALTH, WEALTH, AND HAPPINESS by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein Penguin Books, 2009, 312 pp, ISBN 978-0-14-311526-7This book is best described formally as a general explanation of and advocacy for libertarian paternalism, a term coined by the authors in earlier publications. Informally, it is about how leaders, systems, organizations, and governments can nudge people to do the things the nudgers want and need done for the betterment of the nudgees, or of society. It is paternalism in the sense that "it is legitimate for choice architects to try to influence people's behavior in order to make their lives longer, healthier, and better", (p. 5) It is libertarian in that "people should be free to do what they like - and to opt out of undesirable arrangements if they want to do so", (p. 5) The built-in possibility of opting out or making a different choice preserves freedom of choice even though people's behavior has been influenced by the nature of the presentation of the information or by the structure of the decisionmaking system. I had never heard of libertarian paternalism before reading this book, and I now find it fascinating.Written for a general audience, this book contains mostly social and behavioral science theory and models, but there is considerable discussion of structure and process that has roots in mathematical and quantitative modeling. One of the main applications of this social system is economic choice in investing, selecting and purchasing products and services, systems of taxes, banking (mortgages, borrowing, savings), and retirement systems. Other quantitative social choice systems discussed include environmental effects, health care plans, gambling, and organ donations. Softer issues that are also subject to a nudge-based approach are marriage, education, eating, drinking, smoking, influence, spread of information, and politics. There is something in this book for everyone.The basis for this libertarian paternalism concept is in the social theory called "science of choice", the study of the design and implementation of influence systems on various kinds of people. The terms Econs and Humans, are used to refer to people with either considerable or little rational decision-making talent, respectively. The various libertarian paternalism concepts and systems presented are tested and compared in light of these two types of people. Two foundational issues that this book has in common with another book, Network of Echoes: Imitation, Innovation and Invisible Leaders, that was also reviewed for this issue of the Journal are that 1 ) there are two modes of thinking (or components of the brain) - an automatic (intuitive) process and a reflective (rational) process and 2) the need for conformity and the desire for imitation are powerful forces in human behavior. …

Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness

What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy

Thank you for reading experimental and quasi experimental designs for research. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this experimental and quasi experimental designs for research, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop.

Experimental And Quasi Experimental Designs For Research

The use of distance education at the K-12 level began in Canada around 1919 with the use of correspondence education (i.e., course packets and students work sent back and forth through postal mail) in British Columbia (Stack, 1990). The use of online learning at the K-12 has been used since about 1993, again beginning in British Columbia with the creation of the New Directions in Distance Learning (Dallas, 1999) and the EBUS Academy (see http://www.ebus.ca). School districts in several provinces (e.g., Manitoba, Ontario, Alberta, and Newfoundland and Labrador--in the order that it occurred) began to create online learning programs over the next five years (Barker & Wendel, 2001; Barker, Wendall, & Richmond, 1999; Haughey & Fenwick, 1996; Stevens, 1997a). A decade later, O'Haire, Froese-Germain, and Lane-De Baie (2003) indicated that Alberta had the highest number of K-12 students engaged in online learning, while British Columbia was leading the way in the number of online learning programs. More recently, Barbour (2012) reported that British Columbia had the highest percentage of K-12 students engaged in online learning, with over 12% of students having taken at least one online course. In the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Government began using a province-wide distance education program during the 1989-90 school year (Government of Newfoundland, 1990). This program, which used an audiographics system (i.e., a conference calling system with a telegraphic screen that was used as an electronic blackboard), began with a single advanced-level mathematics course that was offered to three dozen students in about a dozen rural schools. By the 1999-2000 school year there were 898 course enrolments in 11 different courses from students in 77 different rural schools (Brown, Sheppard, & Stevens, 2000). Since 1997 the first online learning project in the province had also begun, when one of the rural school districts began offering Advanced Placement mathematics and science courses over the Internet using both a synchronous (i.e., live or real-time when the students used a program called Elluminate Live or ELive) and asynchronous (i.e., static or not time dependent when the students used a program called WebCT) delivery model (Stevens, 1999). It was from this district initiative, along with the recommendation from a Government appointment Ministerial Panel (Sparkes & Williams, 2000), that the current province-wide, K-12 online learning program was created. The Centre for Distance Learning and Innovation (CDLI) began as a limited pilot project during the 2001-02 school year. After a successful pilot, in 2002-03 the CDLI began its full operations as the primary method of K-12 distance education in Newfoundland and Labrador. School who participate in the CDLI utilize a common schedule that allows the CDLI to offer both synchronous and asynchronous class time. Depending on the subject area, students from around the province spend 40% to 80% of their time in synchronous--or online (according to the students)--instruction through a virtual classroom environment. The remainder of their scheduled time is asynchronous--or offline--instruction spent completing content and activities in the course management system or independent work (Barbour & Hill, 2011). While K-12 distance education and, more recently, online learning, have had a long history in both Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador, there has been little research into the experience of students engaged in online learning. Within the Canadian context, researchers have examined the general benefits of K-12 online learning (e.g., Muirhead, 2000), programmatic evaluations (e.g., Kuehn, 2002, 2006; Litke, 1998), the integration of online learning into the traditional brick-and-mortar school (e.g., Stevens, 1997b, 2006), student achievement (e.g., Barbour & Mulcahy, 2008, 2009), the role of school-based teachers (e.g., Barbour & Mulcahy, 2004; Mulcahy, 2002), the design of asynchronous course content (e. …

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Pictures from an Exhibition ... of Online Learning: A Creative Representation of Qualitative Data

US and International K-12 Online Learning: How Have They Developed Differently?

In April 2006, the Michigan State Board of Educa on and Michigan Legislatures adopted a rigorous package of high school gradua on requirements, one of which made Michigan the first state that incorporated an online learning gradua on requirement into the K‐12 curriculum. All Michigan's students entering high school during 2008‐2009 school year were required to complete online learning during their course of high school studies in order to graduate. Michigan Virtual School helped the schools in Michigan to fulfill this requirement by developing a 20‐hour online learning course called “Career Forward”. In December 2008, the Michigan Virtual University provided the Na onal Repository of Online Courses access to the CareerForward course content, allowing students from anywhere in the United States, the ability to access CareerForward free of charge. This evalua on study was conducted to provide Michigan Virtual School with informa on to improve the design and delivery of the Career Forward course, in order to improve the learning experiences of the future students and to improve the overall efficiency of the course. Analysis of data from this research indicated that, CareerForward in its current format had very li le impact on student a tude towards career planning. Recommenda ons for changes in design and delivery op ons of the course for future offerings are suggested in order to make the course more effec ve and to meet its objec ves.

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Career Planning with Careerforward: Exploring Student Perceptions and Experiences in an Online Career Preparation Course

Regular readers of the International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (IRRODL) will be familiar with the issues facing the field of distance education, the high number of online and open access journals in our field, and the difficulties getting indexed in traditional citation databases such as the Thomson ISI Web of Science and the Elsevier SciVerse Scopus. Terry Anderson, the editor of IRRODL, has even spoken of the trouble he has had getting IRRODL listed in these closed databases. It was with interest that I took the opportunity to review The Publish or Perish Book by Anne-Wil Harzing; it is a self-published book that is designed to accompany the use of her Google Scholar citation analysis tool of the same name. As such, the book is structured in a manner to introduce readers to the topic of citation analysis and to orient them to the Publish or Perish tool, providing a detailed guide on how the tool can be used. This is followed by an interesting discussion that is specific to academics on ways in which the tool can be used and to a lesser extent the ways in which citation analysis can be used by different types of individuals in the academy (e.g., faculty up for promotion and tenure, academic administrators) for a variety of purposes (e.g., judging someone’s scholarly record or the quality of a journal, making decisions about where to submit an academic paper, assisting in the preparation of a literature review). The book concludes with an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of Google Scholar and the Thomson ISI Web of Science as measures of scholarly rigour in the academy.

/pdf/book-review-the-publish-or-perish-book-your-guide-to-28qlhxc5o5.pdf

Book Review – The Publish or Perish Book: Your Guide to Effective and Responsible Citation Analysis


While the use of distance and online learning had been used for over a century in the K-12 setting (including in isolated ways during previous pandemics and natural disasters), the complete worldwide closure of schools focused attention on the use of distance and online tools and content to provide continuity of learning in a remote context. The way in which both practitioners and scholars make sense of what has occurred over the past 18 months, and what is likely to continue into the future, will impact both regular schooling and how we prepare for future crisis. This article explores this pandemic pedagogy, with a goal of situating the events since March 2020 within the broader field and providing guidance on a path forward.


Michael K. Barbour

Papers

Pictures from an Exhibition ... of Online Learning: A Creative Representation of Qualitative Data

US and International K-12 Online Learning: How Have They Developed Differently?

Career Planning with Careerforward: Exploring Student Perceptions and Experiences in an Online Career Preparation Course

Book Review – The Publish or Perish Book: Your Guide to Effective and Responsible Citation Analysis

Looking Back to See Ahead