Our possessions are a major contributor to and reflection of our identities A variety of evidence is presented supporting this simple and compelling premise Related streams of research are identified and drawn upon in developing this concept and implications are derived for consumer behavior Because the construct of extended self involves consumer behavior rather than buyer behavior, it appears to be a much richer construct than previous formulations positing a relationship between self-concept and consumer brand choice

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2489522.pdf

Possessions and the extended self.

Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

Contemporary Sociology 7(5) (September 1978):566—68. When the intellectual history of our times comes to be written, that peculiarly Left Bank mixture of Marxism and structuralism now in fashion will be among the most puzzlingofourideastoevaluate.Aliteral “archeology of knowledge” (the title of one of Foucault’s earlier books) will be required to sort out the valuable from the obvious rubbish. I suspect that in this exercise the iconographers of the present (like Barthes) will fare less well than those who have read the past. Of such “historians” (a description which does not really cover his method) Foucault is the most dazzlingly creative. Discipline and Punish (which, shamefully, has taken over two years to be translated into English) follows Madness and Civilization (1961) and The Birth of the Clinic (1971) as the next stage in Foucault’s massive project of tracing the genealogy of control institutions (asylums, teaching hospitals, prisons) and the human sciences symbiotically linked with them (psychiatry, clinical medicine, criminology, penology). His concern throughout is the relationship between power and knowledge, the articulation of each on the other. Here (as he makes explicit in an interview recently published in the English journal, Radical Philosophy) he opposes the humanist position that, once we gain power, we cease to know——it makes us blind—— and that only those who keep their distance from power, who are no way implicated in tyranny, can attain the truth. For Foucault, such forms of knowledge as psychiatry and criminology (with its “garrulous discourses” and “intermidable [sic] repetitions”) are directly related to the exercise of power. Power itself creates new objects of knowledge and accumulates new bodies of information. Thus to “liberate scientific research from the demands of monopoly capitalism” can only be a slogan. Placing such programmatic Big Issues on one side, though, a superficial first reading of the book mightstartatthelevelofitssubtitle, “The Birth of the Prison.” The key historical transition——at the end of the eighteenth century——is from punishment as torture, a public spectacle, to the more economically and politically discreet prison sentence. The body as the major target of penal repression disappears: within a few decades, the grisly spectacles of torture, dismemberment, exposure, amputation, and branding are over. Interest is transferred from the body to the mind; a coercive, solitary, and secret mode of punishment replaces one that was representative, scenic, and collective. Gone is the liturgy of torture and execution, where the triumph of the sovereign was symbolized in the processions, halts at crossroads, public readings of the sentence even after death, where the criminal’s corpse was exhibited or burnt. In its place comes a whole technology of subtle power. When punishment leaves the domain of more or less everyday perception and enters into abstract consciousness, it does not become less effective. But its effectiveness arises from its inevitability not its horrific theatrical intensity. The new power is not to punish less but to In Retrospect: 1978 29

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0094306118815499a

Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison:

Author Ray Pawson presents a devastating critique of the dominant approach to systematic review namely the 'meta-analytic' approach as sponsored by the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations. In its place is commended an approach that he terms 'realist synthesis'. On this vision, the real purpose of systematic review is better to understand program theory, so that policies Author Ray Pawson presents a devastating critique of the dominant approach to systematic review namely the 'meta-analytic' approach as sponsored by the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations. In its place is commended an approach that he terms 'realist synthesis'. On this vision, the real purpose of systematic review is better to understand program theory, so that policies can be properly targeted and developed to counter an ever-changing landscape of social problems. The book will be essential reading for all those who loved (or loathed) the arguments developed in Realistic Evaluation (Sage, 1997). It offers a complete blueprint for research synthesis, supported by detailed illustrations and worked examples from across the policy waterfront.

Evidence-based Policy: A Realist Perspective

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)60692-8.pdf

Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

The Probation Service has a long tradition of working with offenders on 
their release from prison. This has ranged from offers of advice and support 
on a voluntary basis (including ‘welfare’ services such as help in finding 
accommodation) to the statutory supervision of prisoners granted early 
release, which includes the control function of ensuring that licence conditions 
are adhered to. At times, probation involvement with prisoners has been 
restricted mainly to post-release work, while at others probation officers have 
been encouraged to visit them in prison to build relationships and formulate 
release plans from an early point in their sentence. The related terminology 
has also changed over the years, reflecting shifts in policy and practice: thus 
the concept of ‘after-care’ has given way to ‘throughcare’ and more recently 
‘resettlement’, while the term ‘offender management’ is now beginning to 
replace ‘casework’ or ‘supervision’ in official discourse. However, despite 
these variations, the basic problems and challenges surrounding release from 
custody have changed little. A high proportion of inmates enter prison with 
major social and personal problems (typically related to financial insecurity, 
lack of education, unemployment, substance abuse, social isolation or mental 
health) which face them again when they leave. Imprisonment itself often 
adds new problems and dislocates their lives still further: they may lose a 
house, a job or a relationship, and plans to improve their situation may be 
frustrated by difficulties in communicating with the outside world. They will 
have been exposed throughout their sentence to the negative influences and 
criminal attitudes of the inmate culture. And even if they fully intend to ‘go 
straight’, many will face distrust or rejection from ordinary members of the 
community, potential employers or service-providing agencies.

The resettlement of ex-prisoners

INTRODUCTION: The 'Engager' programme is a 'through-the-gate' intervention designed to support prisoners with common mental health problems as they transition from prison back into the community. The trial will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the Engager intervention. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study is a parallel two-group randomised controlled trial with 1:1 individual allocation to either: (a) the Engager intervention plus standard care (intervention group) or (b) standard care alone (control group) across two investigation centres (South West and North West of England). Two hundred and eighty prisoners meeting eligibility criteria will take part. Engager is a person-centred complex intervention delivered by practitioners and aimed at addressing offenders' mental health and social care needs. It comprises one-to-one support for participants prior to release from prison and for up to 20 weeks postrelease. The primary outcome is change in psychological distress measured by the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure at 6 months postrelease. Secondary outcomes include: assessment of subjective met/unmet need, drug and alcohol use, health-related quality of life and well-being-related quality of life measured at 3, 6 and 12 months postrelease; change in objective social domains, drug and alcohol dependence, service utilisation and perceived helpfulness of services and change in psychological constructs related to desistence at 6 and 12 months postrelease; and recidivism at 12 months postrelease. A process evaluation will assess fidelity of intervention delivery, test hypothesised mechanisms of action and look for unintended consequences. An economic evaluation will estimate the cost-effectiveness. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the Wales Research Ethics Committee 3 (ref: 15/WA/0314) and the National Offender Management Service (ref: 2015-283). Findings will be disseminated to commissioners, clinicians and service users via papers and presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN11707331; Pre-results.

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/2/e017931.full.pdf

Evaluation of a complex intervention (Engager) for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Accommodation has always been one of the main problems associated 
with leaving prison and a central focus of resettlement work (Clancy et 
al. 2006; Lewis et al. 2003, 2007; Maguire et al. 2000; NACRO 2000a). Not 
only do many prisoners have a background of homelessness or ‘sofa 
surfing’ and hence have no prior home to return to, but a significant 
proportion of those who had some form of stable accommodation 
lose it – together with most of their possessions – while in custody. 
The Social Exclusion Unit’s (2002) report Reducing Re-offending by 
Ex-prisoners concluded that only about two-thirds of those entering 
prison did so from what they (euphemistically) called ‘permanent’ 
housing, and that around one-third lost previous accommodation as 
a result of their incarceration. Indeed, Carlisle (1996) found that over 
50 per cent of a sample of prisoners were unable to return to their 
previous address. Moreover, finding suitable new accommodation is a 
task often complicated by problems in communicating with providers, 
lack of income, poor job prospects and the stigma of having been in 
prison. Particular difficulties are faced by certain types of offenders, 
notably female offenders, black and minority ethnic (BME) offenders, 
young prisoners, high-risk offenders and those with substance misuseand/or mental health problems (Allender et al. 2005b; Calverley 
et al. 2004, 2006; Farrant 2006; Maguire et al. 2007; NACRO 2000a 
2001, 2002). Despite apparent – though to some extent cosmetic – 
improvements in the last two or three years, one in eight prisoners 
still leave custody with the status of ‘no fixed abode’ and many more 
leave with only emergency accommodation arranged.1

Accommodation and related services for ex-prisoners

Automatic Conditional Release: the first two years

The article reports key findings from an evaluation of ‘Invisible Walls Wales’ (IWW), a multi-agency ‘through the gate’ project in HMP Parc, South Wales, based on an innovative model of ‘whole fami...

Mike Maguire

Papers

The resettlement of ex-prisoners

Evaluation of a complex intervention (Engager) for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Accommodation and related services for ex-prisoners

Automatic Conditional Release: the first two years

Prisoners and their children: An innovative model of ‘whole family’ support: