자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a valuable method for health science research to develop theory, evaluate programs, and develop interventions. The purpose of this paper is to guide the novice researcher in identifying the key elements for designing and implementing qualitative case study research projects. An overview of the types of case study designs is provided along with general recommendations for writing the research questions, developing propositions, determining the “case” under study, binding the case and a discussion of data sources and triangulation. To facilitate application of these principles, clear examples of research questions, study propositions and the different types of case study designs

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Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers

The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations of complex issues in their real-life settings. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. Based on our experiences of conducting several health-related case studies, we reflect on the different types of case study design, the specific research questions this approach can help answer, the data sources that tend to be used, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of employing this methodological approach. The paper concludes with key pointers to aid those designing and appraising proposals for conducting case study research, and a checklist to help readers assess the quality of case study reports.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2288-11-100.pdf

The case study approach

Purpose: To explore various types of triangulation strategies and to indicate when different types of triangulation should be used in research.

Methods: Reviews included literature on triangulation and multimethod strategies published since 1960 and research books specifically focusing on triangulation.

Findings: Triangulation is the combination of at least two or more theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, data sources, investigators, or data analysis methods. The intent of using triangulation is to decrease, negate, or counterbalance the deficiency of a single strategy, thereby increasing the ability to interpret the findings.

Conclusions: The use of triangulation strategies does not strengthen a flawed study. Researchers should use triangulation if it can contribute to understanding the phenomenon; however, they must be able to articulate why the strategy is being used and how it might enhance the study.

https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/165208/the-point-of-triangulation.pdf

The point of triangulation.

ed summaries and general concepts can be formulated, which may, upon further investigation, be found to be germane to a wider variety of settings. Case studies, therefore are not necessarily restricted

/pdf/qualitative-research-methods-in-health-technology-assessment-1ma11mg407.pdf

Qualitative research methods in health technology assessment: a review of the literature.

This article concludes this part of the rehabilitation series by looking at the nursing contribution to rehabilitation. It brings together the common elements which have emerged in the previous seven articles, identifying areas in which there is considerable scope for improvement to current practice. Indicative areas of knowledge and skill required for nurses to play a more active role are considered and a number of potential models are briefly described.

Rehabilitation: scope for improvement in current practice

Considers how family and professional carers can work together more effectively in order to provide the highest quality of care to people who need support in order to remain in their own homes. Adopting a temporal perspective, this book looks at key transitions in caregiving and is useful for health care students and professionals.

Quality care for people with dementia : the views of family and professional carers

This article provides a brief overview of the various sources and types of nursing knowledge, highlighting their similarities and differences. The authors investigate the underlying principles and the strengths and weaknesses of such knowledge. This should enable the professional to decide which is the most appropriate source (both to the patient/client and the professional) to meet a particular demand.

Sources of knowledge in nursing.

Skills for the future. The humanity of caring.

Decision-making among older patients with stroke, their families and professionals has been extensively studied in a Western context, but there has been little prior work in China. The study reported here explored how decision-making took place between older people with stroke, their family carers and professionals in an acute care context in mainland China using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis. Constant comparative analysis of the data was carried out. This paper focuses on the key social process of ‘hiding’ and its dynamic relationship with the core category ‘keeping the peace’. In order to meet the traditional Chinese cultural value of ‘maintaining harmony’, both family carers and professionals hid essential information from older stroke survivors who, as a consequence, were effectively precluded from playing an active role in major decisions. In understanding ‘hiding’, the paper draws upon both Chinese cultural values and ‘awareness context theory’ and in so doing questions the relevance to the Chinese context of key Western notions such as involvement in health-care decision-making. A better understanding of the experiences of decision-making processes between older people with stroke, their family carers and professionals in China will help professionals to provide the best possible support and care whilst promoting informed decision-making amongst all concerned.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0144686X15000549

Mike Nolan

Papers

Rehabilitation: scope for improvement in current practice

Quality care for people with dementia : the views of family and professional carers

Sources of knowledge in nursing.

Skills for the future. The humanity of caring.

Older people and decision-making following acute stroke in China: ‘hiding’ as a barrier to active involvement