자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a valuable method for health science research to develop theory, evaluate programs, and develop interventions. The purpose of this paper is to guide the novice researcher in identifying the key elements for designing and implementing qualitative case study research projects. An overview of the types of case study designs is provided along with general recommendations for writing the research questions, developing propositions, determining the “case” under study, binding the case and a discussion of data sources and triangulation. To facilitate application of these principles, clear examples of research questions, study propositions and the different types of case study designs

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Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers

The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations of complex issues in their real-life settings. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. Based on our experiences of conducting several health-related case studies, we reflect on the different types of case study design, the specific research questions this approach can help answer, the data sources that tend to be used, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of employing this methodological approach. The paper concludes with key pointers to aid those designing and appraising proposals for conducting case study research, and a checklist to help readers assess the quality of case study reports.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2288-11-100.pdf

The case study approach

Purpose: To explore various types of triangulation strategies and to indicate when different types of triangulation should be used in research.

Methods: Reviews included literature on triangulation and multimethod strategies published since 1960 and research books specifically focusing on triangulation.

Findings: Triangulation is the combination of at least two or more theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, data sources, investigators, or data analysis methods. The intent of using triangulation is to decrease, negate, or counterbalance the deficiency of a single strategy, thereby increasing the ability to interpret the findings.

Conclusions: The use of triangulation strategies does not strengthen a flawed study. Researchers should use triangulation if it can contribute to understanding the phenomenon; however, they must be able to articulate why the strategy is being used and how it might enhance the study.

https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/165208/the-point-of-triangulation.pdf

The point of triangulation.

ed summaries and general concepts can be formulated, which may, upon further investigation, be found to be germane to a wider variety of settings. Case studies, therefore are not necessarily restricted

/pdf/qualitative-research-methods-in-health-technology-assessment-1ma11mg407.pdf

Qualitative research methods in health technology assessment: a review of the literature.

practitioners, older people and their family carers: An international collaboration Developing a model of participatory research involving researchers,

Classically, the scientific method comprises two main processes: deduction (theory testing) and induction (theory building). In this article, the main emphasis is on theory building and the Meleis (1991) model is described to illustrate some of the steps and stages involved.

Induction: moving from the specific to the general.

Five years ago, Nolan and Grant (1989) suggested that many nurses overlooked the needs of informal carers. While the intervening period has seen a significant shift in attitude, so that carers are now accorded greater priority, it has to be questioned whether the situation has actually improved.

Are the needs of informal carers still neglected in nursing practice

Evaluating positive events in care homes: A case study using the CARE profiling tool

The nature of the resident population in care homes is constantly changing with ever increasing acuity and complexity. In short, residents are getting older, frailer, both cognitively and physically, and present staff with numerous challenges with regard to delivering high quality holistic care that meets a diverse range of needs. Whilst many of these challenges are common to all residents, others are more unique and arise as a consequence of the resident’s complex physical and/or mental health. Much has been written about providing person-centred care for people with dementia and care practices have improved significantly as a result. However, as the authors of this paper note, Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurological condition after Alzheimer’s Disease and we know far less about the experiences of people in care homes with PD and their family carers. This paper therefore makes a welcome addition both to the literature and to our understanding of the type of care received and desired by these two groups. The authors explore such experiences using a combination of interviews with people with PD and their family carers, an associated analysis of care plans, with the results also being informed by the informal observations made whilst at the facilities in question. Data were collected in 43 care homes located in four geographically diverse areas and the interview schedule was underpinned by Dimiano’s framework for quality of life in PD. An in-depth analysis revealed five main themes (lack of information about PD, functional variation, nature of relatives’ involvement, care home environment and culture and care provision) that are linked by an overarching theme of communication. These results identify issues that have been raised in several other studies (such as the general failure of staff to systematically involve relatives as ‘co-experts’ in the care process) but also point to more specific concerns such as a worrying lack of Journal of Research in Nursing ©2009 SAGE PUBLICATIONS Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore VOL 14 (4) 349–350 DOI: 10.1177/ 1744987109106697 R E V I EW

Caring for persons with Parkinson’s disease in care homes: Perceptions of residents, and their close relatives, and an associated review of resident’s care plans:

Mike Nolan

Papers

practitioners, older people and their family carers: An international collaboration Developing a model of participatory research involving researchers,

Induction: moving from the specific to the general.

Are the needs of informal carers still neglected in nursing practice

Evaluating positive events in care homes: A case study using the CARE profiling tool

Caring for persons with Parkinson’s disease in care homes: Perceptions of residents, and their close relatives, and an associated review of resident’s care plans: