Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Flavonoids are nearly ubiquitous in plants and are recognized as the pigments responsible for the colors of leaves, especially in autumn. They are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea, and red wine. They are low molecular weight compounds composed of a three-ring structure with various substitutions. This basic structure is shared by tocopherols (vitamin E). Flavonoids can be subdivided according to the presence of an oxy group at position 4, a double bond between carbon atoms 2 and 3, or a hydroxyl group in position 3 of the C (middle) ring. These characteristics appear to also be required for best activity, especially antioxidant and antiproliferative, in the systems studied. The particular hydroxylation pattern of the B ring of the flavonoles increases their activities, especially in inhibition of mast cell secretion. Certain plants and spices containing flavonoids have been used for thousands of years in traditional Eastern medicine. In spite of the voluminous literature available, however, Western medicine has not yet used flavonoids therapeutically, even though their safety record is exceptional. Suggestions are made where such possibilities may be worth pursuing.

The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells:Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease, and Cancer

Citrus Flavonoids: molecular structure, biological activity and nutritional properties: a review

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs/advpub/0/advpub_0_0411110005/_pdf

Anti-inflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular action mechanisms.

The essential oil extracted from the dried flower buds of clove, Eugenia caryophyllata L. Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae), is used as a topical application to relieve pain and to promote healing and also finds use in the fragrance and flavouring industries. The main constituents of the essential oil are phenylpropanoids such as carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde. The biological activity of Eugenia caryophyllata has been investigated on several microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, Herpes simplex and hepatitis C viruses. In addition to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activity, clove essential oil possesses antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, insect repellent and anaesthetic properties. This short review addresses the chemical composition and biological effects of clove essential oil, and includes new results from GC/MS analysis and a study of its antimicrobial activity against a large number of multi-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from dialysis biomaterials.

The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review.

Methanol aqueous extracts of 100 plants were screened for anti-oxidative activity using Fenton's reagent/ethyl linoleate system and for free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical generating system. The results suggest that 14 plants - Alpinia officinarum, Areca catechu, Brassica alba, Cannabis sativa, Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica, Eugenia caryophyllata, Evodia officinalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Rhaphanus sativus, Rheum palmatum, Rhus verniciflua, Trapa bispinosa, Zanthoxylum piperitum - may be potential sources of anti-oxidants. Eight plants - Citrus aurantium, Cornus officinalis, Gleditsia japonica, Lindera strychnifolia, Phragmites communis, Prunus mume, Schizandra chinensis, Terminalia chebula - may be the potential source of free radical scavengers from natural plant.

Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (II): anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity

Methanolic aqueous extracts of 100 plants were screened for antioxidative activity using Fenton's reagen/ethyl linoeate system and free radical scavenging activity using DPPH free radical generating system. The results suggest that at least six plants including Eugenia caryophyllata, Alpinia offiicinarum, Rhus verniciflua, Curcuma longa, Rheum palmatvm and Evodia officinalis may be the potential sources of antioxidant, But only one plant, Cornus officinalis, may be the potential source of free radical scavenger from natural plants.

http://koreascience.kr:80/article/JAKO199611919651098.pdf

Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (1) Antioxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity

The aim of this study was to evaluate several plant extracts with a view to developing melanogenesis inhibitors. In this study, 100 plant extracts were screened to elucidate their whitening effects using in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase and DOPA auto-oxidation activity. Several plant extracts such as Chaenomeles speciosa, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Gastrodia ellata, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Morus alba, Myristica fragrans, Rheum palmatum and Sophora japonica showed inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity. Plant extracts including Bupleurum falcatum, Caragana sinica, Morus alba and Tussilago farfara showed inhibition of DOPA auto-oxidation activity. L'objet de cette etude etait d'evaluer plusieurs extraits vegetaux dans le but de developper des inhibiteurs de la melanogenese. Dans cette etude, on a crible 100 extraits vegetaux pour connaitre leurs effets blanchissants en utilisant in vitro l'inhibition de la tyrosinase et de l'activite auto-oxydante de la DOPA. Plusieurs extraits vegetaux tels que Chaenomeles speciosa, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Gastrodia ellata, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Morus alba, Myristica fragrans, Rheum palmatum et Sophora japonica presentent une activite d'inhibition de la tyrosinase du champignon. Des extraits vegetaux comprenant Bupleurum falcatum, Caragana sinica, Morus alba et Tussilago farfara montrent une inhibition de l'activite d'auto-oxydation de la DOPA.

Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (I): inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and DOPA auto-oxidation.

Inhibition of TPA-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and skin inflammation in mice by wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellaria radix

http://hpark.knu.ac.kr/RESEARCH%20INFORMATION/reference/[cheonggukjang/2008Antioxidant%20and%20antigenotoxic%20activities%20of%20Korean%20fermented%20soybean.pdf

Moon Young Heo

Papers

Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (II): anti-oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity

Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (1) Antioxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity

Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (I): inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and DOPA auto-oxidation.

Inhibition of TPA-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and skin inflammation in mice by wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellaria radix

Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of Korean fermented soybean.