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Electromagnetic Simulation Using The Fdtd Method

Functionalization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes B y Lei Zhang Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit unique mechanical and physical properties and immediately after their discovery they were regarded as novel materials for future technologies. SWNTs are widely thought o f as one o f the basic building blocks to nanotechnology. However, they are very hard to disperse and dissolve in either water or organic solvent. The insolubility o f nanotubes makes it very difficult to make composites o f nanotubes with other materials. This limits nanotubes from the application for future technology. A feasible functionalization o f nanotubes, i.e., the attachment o f “chemical functional groups” provides a strategy for overcoming these barriers and has thus attracted synthetic chemists and materials scientists to contribute their efforts to making breakthrough. Functionalization can improve solubility and processibility, and will be able to link the unique properties o f nanotubes to those o f other types o f materials. Through the chemical functional groups, nanotube may show improved solubility and compatibility with solvents, polymers, nanoparticles and other nanotubes. A functionalized SWNT may have mechanical or electrical properties that are different from those o f the pristine SWNT, and thus may be used for fine-tuning the chemistry and physical properties o f SWNTs. Fluorination o f side walls o f the SWNTs has been performed by using the technology developed for the fluorination o f graphite, and then subsequent nucleophilic substitutions have been explored. It has been ascertained that in fluorination at the optimal temperature, C:F ratios o f up to 2:1 can be achieved without disruption o f the tubular structure. The fluorinated SWNTs proved to be much more soluble than pristine SWNTs in alcohols, N,N-dimethylformamide and some other selected organic solvents. This improved solubility and the high fluorine addition allow much more efficient solution-phase chemistry on the fluorinated SWNTs. R e p ro d u c e d with p erm iss ion of th e copyright ow ner. F u r the r reproduction prohibited without perm iss ion . The goals o f this work were to examine novel type o f reactions that one can do with fluorinated SWNTs and study the basic aspects o f functionalization o f SWNTs, i.e. the mechanism o f functionalization, the structure o f fluorinated SWNTs, and the distribution o f functional groups in the functionalized SWNTs. In this thesis, an extensive NMR study o f fluorinated SWNTs has been explored (Chapter 1) and this study gives us a deeper insight to the structure o f fluorinated SWNTs and the mechanism o f fluorination. A series o f “hydroxyl nanotube” have been simply prepared by two types o f one-step methods (Chapter 2). Amino-acid functionalized nanotubes with high water solubility and sensitive pH value dependence have been achieved, and the influence o f different chain length o f amino acid on the water solubility was detailed (Chapter 3). The nanotube-nanoparticle heterostructures have been prepared and used to investigate the distribution o f functional groups along the axis o f nanotubes (Chapter 4). Finally, a novel type o f reaction, Diels-Alder cycloaddition to fluorinated nanotubes was successfully performed under a mild reaction conditions (Chapter 5). R e p ro d u c e d with p erm iss ion of th e copyright ow ner. F u r the r reproduction prohibited without perm iss ion .

Functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes

The combination of awareness of harmful industrial processes and environmental issues and depleting petroleum-based resources has spurred much research in developing materials from renewable sources. Epoxy resins are common pre-polymers used in a variety of industries, such as adhesives, coatings, insulations, and high performance composites. To transform epoxy resins into crosslinked networks with desirable thermal and mechanical properties, the resins must be cured with a curing agent. This review encompasses recent developments using bio-based epoxy resins and bio-based epoxy curing agents. Resins and curing agents synthesized from modified plant oils, sugars, polyphenols, terpenes, rosin, natural rubber, and lignin are highlighted and their thermal and mechanical properties reviewed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44103.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/app.44103

Recent advances in bio‐based epoxy resins and bio‐based epoxy curing agents

Effectiveness of vegetable oil based nanofluids as potential cutting fluids in turning AISI 1040 steel

Natural fibers from agricultural wastes are finding their importance in the polymer industry due to the many advantages such as their light weight, low cost and being environmentally friendly. Rice husk (RH) is a natural sheath that forms around rice grains during their growth. As a type of natural fiber obtained from agroindustrial waste, RH can be used as filler in composites materials in various polymer matrices. This review paper is aimed at highlighting previous works of RH filled polymer composites to provide information for applications and further research in this area. Based on the information gathered, application of RH filled composites as alternative materials in building and construction is highly plausible with both light weight and low cost being their main driving forces. However, further investigations on physical and chemical treatment to further improve the interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix are needed as fiber-polymer interaction is crucial in determining the final composite properties. Better understanding on how the used polymer blends as the matrix and secondary fillers may affect the properties would provide interesting areas to be explored.

Rice Husk Filled Polymer Composites

In this paper the polymer nanocomposite of nickel zinc (NiZn) ferrite nanoparticles incorporated into the thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposite (TPNR) were prepared via melt blending method. The effect of different NiZn loading (2-10 wt%) on morphology, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the obtained composites was investigated. It was found that NiZn ferrite is well dispersed in the thermoplastic natural rubber matrix. The tensile results indicated that filler loading has improved the tensile strength and Youngs modulus of the nanocomposite. However, the elongation at break decreased with increasing the percentage of NiZn. Dynamic mechanical test showed that the highest storage modulus is at 8 wt% filler. Any further increment of the filler content leads to the formation of agglomerate hence affecting the properties. The Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) micrographs reveal aspect ratio and filler orientation in the TPNR matrix also strongly promoted interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix to control its properties.

Morphology and mechanical properties of NiZn ferrite/ thermoplastic natural rubber composite

/pdf/nanosystem-s-density-functional-theory-study-of-the-chlorine-53gj9a4gg5.pdf

Nanosystem’s density functional theory study of the chlorine adsorption on the Fe(100) surface

Purpose




The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) loading on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites.




Design/methodology/approach




In this paper, the polymer nanocomposite of MWCNT nanoparticles incorporated with PLA and LNR as compatibilizer were prepared via melt blending method.




Findings




The result has shown that the sample with 3.5 wt.% of MWCNT content provided higher thermal conductivity which is believed to be the optimum loading that formed the suitable percolated network for phonon conduction facilitation because of better dispersion in the PLA/LNR matrix as confirmed by SEM micrograph.




Originality/value




Thermal conductivity of polylactic acid (PLA)/liquid natural rubber (LNR) matrix improved with MWCNT.

Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes content on thermal conductivity of polyactic acid/liquid natural rubber nanocomposite

This paper discusses the effect of Gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) reinforced with hybrid nanofiller, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanocla...

The effects of gamma treatment on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber hybrid nanocomposites

This paper discusses the effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on the tensile and impact properties of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was prepared using melt blending method. MWNT were added to improve the mechanical properties of MWNTs/TPNR composites at different compositions which is 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. The result of tensile test showed that tensile strength and Young’s modulus increase in the presence of nanotubes and maximum value are obtained with 3 wt.% of MWNTs. On other hand, higher MWNTs concentration has caused the formation of aggregates. The elongation at break considerably decreased with increasing the percentage of MWNTs. The maximum impact strength is recorded with 5 wt.% of MWNTs. SEM micrograph has confirmed the homogenous dispersion of MWNTs in the TPNR matrix and promoted strong interfacial adhesion between MWNTs and the matrix which is improved mechanical significantly.

Mou'ad A. Tarawneh

Papers

Morphology and mechanical properties of NiZn ferrite/ thermoplastic natural rubber composite

Nanosystem’s density functional theory study of the chlorine adsorption on the Fe(100) surface

Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes content on thermal conductivity of polyactic acid/liquid natural rubber nanocomposite

The effects of gamma treatment on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber hybrid nanocomposites

Tensile and Impact Properties of Thermoplastic Natural Rubber (TPNR) Filled with Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs)