Microneedle scleral patch for minimally invasive delivery of triamcinolone to the posterior segment of eye

Nestorone nanosuspension-loaded dissolving microneedles array patch: A promising novel approach for “on-demand” hormonal female-controlled peritcoital contraception

The development of microneedle (MN)-assisted drug delivery technologies has been highly active for nearly two decades. The microneedle array patch (MAP)-based self-application technology bypasses many of the challenges associated with injectable routes by delivering the therapeutic materials directly into the intradermal space and allowing the release of the active ingredient in a sustained or controlled manner. Different types of biodegradable solid/dissolving MAP and nanoparticle-loaded/coated polymeric MAP or hollow MN have been envisioned for long-acting sustained delivery of therapeutic payloads, aiming for reducing the side effects and administration frequency to improve patient compliance. In this chapter, we covered the different types of MAPs that are loaded with different nano/biotherapeutics for long-acting delivery for a wide range of potential clinical applications. We have outlined the future development scenario for this long-acting MAP delivery system to achieve promising clinical benefits. Finally, it discusses the challenges to realize the full potential of long-acting sustained-release MNs in the clinic.

Long-lasting drug delivery systems based on microneedles

Eye diseases and injuries constitute a significant clinical problem worldwide. Safe and effective delivery of drugs to the eye is challenging mostly due to the presence of ocular barriers and clearance mechanisms. In everyday practice, the traditional eye drops, gels and ointments are most often used. Unfortunately, they are usually not well tolerated by patients due to the need for frequent use as well as the discomfort during application. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems with improved biopharmaceutical properties are a subject of ongoing scientific investigations. Due to the developments in microtechnology, in recent years, there has been a remarkable advance in the development of microneedle-based systems as an alternative, non-invasive form for administering drugs to the eye. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field of obtaining microneedle ocular patches. In the manuscript, the most important manufacturing technologies, microneedle classification, and the research studies related to ophthalmic application of microneedles are presented. Finally, the most important advantages and drawbacks, as well as potential challenges related to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye are summarized and discussed.

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Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

Long-acting nanoparticle-loaded bilayer microneedles for protein delivery to the posterior segment of the eye

The delivery of drugs to the posterior segment of the eye remains a tremendously difficult task. Prolonged treatment in conventional intravitreal therapy requires injections that are administered frequently due to the rapid clearance of the drug molecules. As an alternative, intraocular implants can offer drug release for long-term therapy. However, one of the several challenges in developing intraocular implants is selecting an appropriate in vitro dissolution testing model. In order to determine the efficacy of ocular implants in drug release, multiple in vitro test models were emerging. While these in vitro models may be used to analyse drug release profiles, the findings may not predict in vivo retinal drug exposure as this is influenced by metabolic and physiological factors. This review considers various types of in vitro test methods used to test drug release of ocular implants. Importantly, it discusses the challenges and factors that must be considered in the development and testing of the implants in an in vitro setup.

/pdf/in-vitro-dissolution-testing-models-of-ocular-implants-for-3mod3bfe0s.pdf

Muhammad Faris Adrianto

Papers

Long-acting nanoparticle-loaded bilayer microneedles for protein delivery to the posterior segment of the eye

In vitro dissolution testing models of ocular implants for posterior segment drug delivery.