Showing papers by "Mykola M. Biliaiev published in 2016"

Numerical simulation of toxic chemical dispersion after accident at railway

Abstract: Purpose. This research focuses on the development of an applied numerical model to calculate the dynamics of atmospheric pollution in the emission of dangerous chemical substances in the event of transportation by railway. Methodology. For the numerical simulation of transport process of the dangerous chemical substance in the atmosphere the equation of convection-diffusion pollutant transport is used. This equation takes into account the effect of wind, atmospheric diffusion, the power of emission source, as well as the movement of the source of emission (depressurized tank) on the process of pollutant dispersion. When carrying out computing experiment one also takes into account the profile of the speed of the wind flow. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport in the atmosphere implicit finite-difference splitting scheme is used. The numerical calculation is divided into four steps of splitting and at each step of splitting the unknown value of the concentration of hazardous substance is determined by the explicit running account scheme. On the basis of the numerical model it was created the code using the algorithmic language FORTRAN. One conducted the computational experiments to assess the level of air pollution near the railway station «Illarionovo» in the event of a possible accident during transportation of ammonia. Findings. The proposed model allows you to quickly calculate the air pollution after the emission of chemically hazardous substance, taking into account the motion of the emission source. The model makes it possible to determine the size of the land surface pollution zones and the amount of pollutants deposited on a specific area. Using the developed numerical model it was estimated the environmental damage near the railway station «Illarionovo». Originality. One can use the numerical model to calculate the size and intensity of the chemical contamination zones after accidents on transport. Practical value. The numerical model, developed by authors, can be used to estimate the size and intensity of the chemical contamination zones during emergency on transport. The developed numerical model solves the problem of assessing the impact of emergency emission of ammonia near the railway station «Illarionovo».

Complex of Numerical Models for Computation of Air Ion Concentration in Premises

Abstract: Purpose. The article highlights the question about creation the complex numerical models in order to calculate the ions concentration fields in premises of various purpose and in work areas. Developed complex should take into account the main physical factors influencing the formation of the concentration field of ions, that is, aerodynamics of air jets in the room, presence of furniture, equipment, placement of ventilation holes, ventilation mode, location of ionization sources, transfer of ions under the electric field effect, other factors, determining the intensity and shape of the field of concentration of ions. In addition, complex of numerical models has to ensure conducting of the express calculation of the ions concentration in the premises, allowing quick sorting of possible variants and enabling «enlarged» evaluation of air ions concentration in the premises. Methodology . The complex numerical models to calculate air ion regime in the premises is developed. CFD numerical model is based on the use of aerodynamics, electrostatics and mass transfer equations, and takes into account the effect of air flows caused by the ventilation operation, diffusion, electric field effects, as well as the interaction of different polarities ions with each other and with the dust particles. The proposed balance model for computation of air ion regime indoors allows operative calculating the ions concentration field considering pulsed operation of the ionizer. Findings . The calculated data are received, on the basis of which one can estimate the ions concentration anywhere in the premises with artificial air ionization. An example of calculating the negative ions concentration on the basis of the CFD numerical model in the premises with reengineering transformations is given. On the basis of the developed balance model the air ions concentration in the room volume was calculated. Originality. Results of the air ion regime computation in premise, which is based on numerical 2D CFD model and balance model, are presented. Practical value. A numerical CFD model and balance model for the computation of air ion regime allow calculating the ions concentration in the premises in the conditions of artificial air ionization taking into account the main physical factors determining the formation of ions concentration fields.

Numerical prediction models for air pollution by motor vehicle emissions

Abstract: Цель . Научная работа предполагает: 1) разработку 3 D численных моделей, которые позволяют рассчитывать процесс загрязнения атмосферного воздуха выбросами автотранспорта; 2) создание моделей, которые давали бы возможность прогнозировать уровень загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в условиях городской застройки. Методика. Для решения задачи по оценке уровня загрязнения атмосферного воздуха выбросами автотранспорта используются фундаментальные уравнения аэродинамики и массопереноса. Для решения дифференциальных уравнений аэродинамики и массопереноса используются конечно-разностные методы. Для численного интегрирования уравнения потенциала скорости применяется метод условной аппроксимации. Уравнение для потенциала скорости, записанное в разностном виде, расщепляется на два уравнения, причем на каждом шаге расщепления неизвестное значение потенциала скорости определяется по явной схеме бегущего счета, при этом сама разностная схема – неявная. Для численного интегрирования уравнения рассеивания выбросов в атмосфере применяется неявная попеременно-треугольная разностная схема расщепления. Выбросы от автотрассы моделируются серией точечных источников заданной интенсивности. Разработанные численные модели составляют основу созданного пакета прикладных программ. Результаты. Разработаны 3 D численные модели, которые относятся к классу « diagnostic models ». Данные модели учитывают основные физические факторы, влияющие на процесс рассеивания вредных веществ в атмосфере при выбросах от автотранспорта в городе. На основе построенных численных моделей проведен вычислительный эксперимент по оценке уровня загрязнения воздушной среды на улице. Научная новизна. Авторами разработаны численные модели, которые позволяют рассчитать 3 D аэродинамику ветрового потока в условиях городской застройки и процесс массопереноса выбросов от автотрассы. Выполнены расчеты по определению зоны загрязнения, которая формируется возле зданий, расположенных вдоль автомагистрали. Практическая значимость. В работе рассмотрены эффективные численные модели, которые могут быть применены при разработке мероприятий по охране окружающей среды при эксплуатации автомобильного транспорта в городе. Разработанные модели позволяют оценить размеры, форму и интенсивность зоны загрязнения возле автомагистрали.

Cfd simulation of air ion regime in work areas at condition of artificial air ionization

Abstract: Purpose. The paper supposes creation of a CFD model for calculating the air ion regime in the premises and in work areas at artificial ionization of the air by the ionizer installation indoors with considering the most important physical factors that influence the formation of ions concentration field. Methodology . The proposed CFD model for calculation of the air ion regime in work areas at artificial ionization of the air by installing ionizer indoors is based on the application of aerodynamics, electrostatics and mass transfer equations. The mass transfer equation takes into account the interaction of different polarities of ions with each other and with the dust particles. The calculation of air flow rate in the room is realized on the basis of the potential flow model by using the Laplace equation for the stream function. Poisson equation for the electric potential is used for calculation of the charged particles drift in an electric field. At the simulation to take into account: 1) influence of the working area geometric characteristics; 2) location of the ventilation holes; 3) placement of furniture and equipment; 4) ventilation regime in the room; 5) presence of obstacles on the ions dispersion process; 6) specific location of dust particles emission and ions of different polarity, and their interaction in the room and in the working zones. Findings. The developed CFD model allows determining the concentration of negative ions in the room and in the area of the human respiratory organs. The distribution of the negative ions concentration is presented in the form of concentration field isolines. Originality . The 2D CFD model for calculating the air ion regime in working areas, providing the ability to determine the ions concentration in a given place in the room was created. The proposed model is developed taking into account: placement of furniture and equipment in the room; geometric characteristics of the room; location of dust emissions sources and ions of different polarity; physical processes affecting the formation of ions concentration field. Practical value . The obtained 2D CFD model for calculating the air ions regime in working areas allow to calculate the concentration of ions at the location of the respiratory organs, taking into account the basic physical factors determining the formation of ions concentration fields. It will allow rationally arranged the ionizers in the working premises to create the comfortable working conditions for staff.

Проблема уноса угольной пыли ; проблема знесення вугільного пилу ; coal dust emission problem

Abstract: Purpose. The article aims to develop 2D numerical models for the prediction of atmospheric pollution during transportation of coal in the railway car, as well as the ways to protect the environment and the areas near to the mainline from the dust emission due to the air injection installation. Methodology. To solve this problem there were developed numerical models based on the use of the equations of motion of an inviscid incompressible fluid and mass transfer. For the numerical integration of the transport equation of the pollutant the implicit alternating-triangular difference scheme was used. For numerical integration of the 2D equation for the velocity potential the method of total approximation was used. The developed numerical models are the basis of established software package. On the basis of the constructed numerical models it was carried out a computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution when transporting bulk cargo by rail when the railway car has the air injection. Findings. 2D numerical models that belong to the class «diagnostic models» were developed. These models take into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of dust pollution in the atmosphere during transportation of bulk cargo. The developed numerical models make it possible to calculate the dust loss process, taking into account the use of the air injection of the car. They require a small cost of the computer time during practical realization at the low and medium power machines. There were submitted computational calculations to determine pollutant concentrations and the formation of the zone of pollution near the train with bulk cargo in «microscale» scale taking into account the air curtains. Originality. 2D numerical models taking into account the relevant factors influencing the process of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, and the formation of the zone of pollution during transportation of bulk cargo by rail were created. A way to protect the atmosphere from pollution during the emission of bulk cargoes from the rail car, which is based on the principle of the air injection, was developed. Practical value. The efficient numerical models which can be used in the development of environmental protection measures in the operation of railway transport were considered. The proposed model allows calculating 2D dynamics of wind flow, taking into account the installed air injection, and mass transfer process of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Coal dust emission problem

Abstract: Purpose. The article aims to develop 2D numerical models for the prediction of atmospheric pollution during transportation of coal in the railway car, as well as the ways to protect the environment and the areas near to the mainline from the dust emission due to the air injection installation. Methodology. To solve this problem there were developed numerical models based on the use of the equations of motion of an inviscid incompressible fluid and mass transfer. For the numerical integration of the transport equation of the pollutant the implicit alternating-triangular difference scheme was used. For numerical integration of the 2D equation for the velocity potential the method of total approximation was used. The developed numerical models are the basis of established software package. On the basis of the constructed numerical models it was carried out a computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution when transporting bulk cargo by rail when the railway car has the air injection. Findings. 2D numerical models that belong to the class «diagnostic models» were developed. These models take into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dispersion of dust pollution in the atmosphere during transportation of bulk cargo. The developed numerical models make it possible to calculate the dust loss process, taking into account the use of the air injection of the car. They require a small cost of the computer time during practical realization at the low and medium power machines. There were submitted computational calculations to determine pollutant concentrations and the formation of the zone of pollution near the train with bulk cargo in «microscale» scale taking into account the air curtains. Originality. 2D numerical models taking into account the relevant factors influencing the process of dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, and the formation of the zone of pollution during transportation of bulk cargo by rail were created. A way to protect the atmosphere from pollution during the emission of bulk cargoes from the rail car, which is based on the principle of the air injection, was developed. Practical value. The efficient numerical models which can be used in the development of environmental protection measures in the operation of railway transport were considered. The proposed model allows calculating 2D dynamics of wind flow, taking into account the installed air injection, and mass transfer process of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Express method of estimation of the potential territorial risk in case of accidents on transport

Abstract: Цель. Данное исследование направлено на разработку метода оценки потенциального территориального риска при авариях на железнодорожном транспорте, учитывающего специфику эмиссии химически опасных веществ при чрезвычайных ситуациях во время их транспортировки. Методика. Основу предложенного метода составляет численное моделирование процесса переноса химически опасного вещества в атмосфере. Основой численной модели является уравнение массопереноса химически опасных веществ. Данное уравнение учитывает рассеивание в атмосфере опасного вещества за счет ветра и атмосферной диффузии. Для численного интегрирования уравнения переноса химически опасного вещества в атмосфере применяется неявная разностная схема расщепления. На основе построенной численной модели разработан метод оценки потенциального территориального риска и создан код на алгоритмическом языке Фортран. Разработанный метод пространственно-временной оценки территориального риска учитывает: вероятные метеоситуации; режим эмиссии химически опасного вещества; мощность эмиссии; движение источника эмиссии. Проведен вычислительный эксперимент по оценке уровня загрязнения атмосферы над поселком Синельниково при аварийной утечке аммиака. Результаты. Предложенный метод позволяет оперативно рассчитать возможный потенциальный риск утечки химически опасных веществ на основе расчета уровня загрязнения атмосферы при различных метеоситуациях. Метод позволяет определить размеры зоны токсичного поражения людей и оценить уровень опасности аварий на железнодорожном транспорте. С помощью разработанной численной модели выполнена оценка риска поражения людей в селитебной зоне поселка Синельниково. Научная новизна. Учеными создан метод оценки потенциального территориального риска, основанный на численном моделировании процесса загрязнения атмосферы. Выполнен расчет потенциального риска для селитебной зоны поселка Синельниково. Практическая значимость. Разработанный метод оценки потенциального риска может быть использован не только для решения задач данного класса для объектов железнодорожного транспорта, но и для других химически опасных объектов. С помощью разработанного метода выполнена оценка потенциального риска для поселка Синельниково в случае аварийной эмиссии аммиака.

The assessment models of air pollution during transportation of bulk cargo

Abstract: Purpose. The scientific work is concentrated on development of 3D, 2D numerical models for the prediction of atmospheric pollution during transport of bulk cargo in the railway car. Methodology. To solve this problem numerical models were developed, based on the use of the motion equations of inviscid incompressible fluid and mass transfer, to determine the field of wind velocity near the cars and dispersion of dust in the atmosphere. For the numerical integration of the pollutant transport equation implicit alternating-triangular difference scheme was used. When constructing a difference scheme splitting of the transport equation is carried out that allows us to construct an efficient algorithm for solving a differential problem. Unknown value of the pollutant concentration at every step of splitting is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of point-to-point computation, which provides a simple numerical implementation of splitting equations. For numerical integration of the 3D equation for the velocity potential method of Richardson is applied. For numerical integration of the 2D equation for the velocity potential the method of total approximation is applied. The developed numerical models are the basis of established software package. On the basis of the constructed numerical models a computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution when demolition of coal dust from the gondola car was carried out. Findings. 3D, 2D numerical models that belong to the class «diagnostic models» were developed. These models take into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dust pollution dispersion in the atmosphere during transportation of bulk cargo, but require small costs of the computer time in the practice at the low and medium power machines. These models are used for serial calculations of various situations of scenarios related to issues of environmental protection and pollution intensity diagnostics for different weather conditions. Computational calculations to determine pollutant concentrations and formation of pollution zone near the cars with bulk cargo in «microscale» scale were submitted. Originality. 3D, 2D numerical models were created. They allow taking into account the relevant factors, influencing the process of pollutants dispersion in the atmosphere, and formation of the pollution zone during transport of bulk cargo by rail. Practical value. Efficient numerical models «diagnostic models» for rapid calculation of the atmosphere pollution level during transportation of bulk cargo by rail were considered. Models can be used in the development of environmental protection measures at the operation of rail transport. Proposed model allows calculating 3D, 2D hydrodynamics of wind flow and mass transfer process of pollutants in the atmosphere.

The ASSESSMENT MODELS OF AIR POLLUTION DURING TRANSPORTATION OF BULK CARGO ; МОДЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ УРОВНЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ АТМОСФЕРЫ ПРИ ТРАНСПОРТИРОВКЕ СЫПУЧИХ ГРУЗОВ ; МОДЕЛІ ОЦІНКИ РІВНЯ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ АТМОСФЕРИ ПРИ ТРАНСПОРТУВАННІ СИПУЧИХ ВАНТАЖІВ

Abstract: Purpose. The scientific work is concentrated on development of 3D, 2D numerical models for the prediction of atmospheric pollution during transport of bulk cargo in the railway car. Methodology. To solve this problem numerical models were developed, based on the use of the motion equations of inviscid incompressible fluid and mass transfer, to determine the field of wind velocity near the cars and dispersion of dust in the atmosphere. For the numerical integration of the pollutant transport equation implicit alternating-triangular difference scheme was used. When constructing a difference scheme splitting of the transport equation is carried out that allows us to construct an efficient algorithm for solving a differential problem. Unknown value of the pollutant concentration at every step of splitting is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of point-to-point computation, which provides a simple numerical implementation of splitting equations. For numerical integration of the 3D equation for the velocity potential method of Richardson is applied. For numerical integration of the 2D equation for the velocity potential the method of total approximation is applied. The developed numerical models are the basis of established software package. On the basis of the constructed numerical models a computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution when demolition of coal dust from the gondola car was carried out. Findings. 3D, 2D numerical models that belong to the class «diagnostic models» were developed. These models take into account the main physical factors affecting the process of dust pollution dispersion in the atmosphere during transportation of bulk cargo, but require small costs of the computer time in the practice at the low and medium power machines. These models are used for serial calculations of various situations of scenarios related to issues of environmental protection and pollution intensity diagnostics for different weather conditions. Computational calculations to determine pollutant concentrations and formation of pollution zone near the cars with bulk cargo in «microscale» scale were submitted. Originality. 3D, 2D numerical models were created. They allow taking into account the relevant factors, influencing the process of pollutants dispersion in the atmosphere, and formation of the pollution zone during transport of bulk cargo by rail. Practical value. Efficient numerical models «diagnostic models» for rapid calculation of the atmosphere pollution level during transportation of bulk cargo by rail were considered. Models can be used in the development of environmental protection measures at the operation of rail transport. Proposed model allows calculating 3D, 2D hydrodynamics of wind flow and mass transfer process of pollutants in the atmosphere.