An increasing number of objects (things) are being connected to the Internet as they become more advanced, compact, and affordable. These Internet-connected objects are paving the way toward the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is a distributed network of low-powered, low-storage, light-weight and scalable nodes. Most low-power IoT sensors and embedded IoT devices are powered by batteries with limited lifespans, which need replacement every few years. This replacement process is costly, so smart energy management could play a vital role in enabling energy efficiency for communicating IoT objects. For example, harvesting of energy from naturally or artificially available environmental resources removes IoT networks’ dependence on batteries. Scavenging unlimited amounts of energy in contrast to battery-powered solutions makes IoT systems long-lasting. Thus, here we present energy-harvesting and sub-systems for IoT networks. After surveying the options for harvesting systems, distribution approaches, storage devices and control units, we highlight future design challenges of IoT energy harvesters that must be addressed to continuously and reliably deliver energy.

Design architectures for energy harvesting in the Internet of Things

Recent advances in energy management for Green-IoT: An up-to-date and comprehensive survey

Neuroscience Informatics - Sous presse. Manuscrit accepte. Disponible en ligne depuis le lundi 25 octobre 2021

Classification of optimal brain tissue using dynamic region growing and fuzzy min-max neural network in brain magnetic resonance images

Today almost every person’s life revolves around internet and Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a paradigm which interconnects devices, people, or networks with the ability to process and respond to any physical or virtual communication without a glitch. It is contemplated to be the next era of communication and made devices smarter and more efficient. IoT hits every application area from home controllers and healthcare to agriculture. It utilizes internet connectivity, sensors and numerous other technologies and protocols for data collection and analysis and delivers user required services effectively. In this paper, a detailed review on various architectures, technologies and protocols used in an IoT eco-system is presented. We have also discussed possible layer wise attacks and how new technologies, fog, edge, cloud, artificial intelligence, machine learning and blockchain could be integrated to existing IoT architecture to deliver flawless services and better security. A summary of current research challenges and future directions in this area is also discussed.

IoT Eco-system, Layered Architectures, Security and Advancing Technologies: A Comprehensive Survey

With the rapid enhancement in the design and development of the Internet of Things creates a new research interest in the adaptation in industrial domains. It is due to the impact of distributed emerging technology and topology of industrial Internet of Things and the security-related resource constraints of industrial 5.0. This conducts new paradigm along with critical challenges to the existing information preservation, node transactions and communication, transmission, trust and privacy, and security protection related problems. These critical aspects pose serious limitations and issues for the industry to provide industrial data integrity, information exchange reliability, provenance, and trustworthiness for the overall activities and service delivery prospects. In addition, the intersection of blockchain and industrial IoT has gained more consideration and research interest. However, there is an emerging limitation between the inadequate performance of industrial IoT and connected nodes, and the high resource requirement of permissioned private blockchain ledger has not yet been tackled with the complete solution. Due to the introductions of NuCypher Re-Encryption infrastructure, hashing tree and allocation, and deployment of blockchain proof-of-work required more computational power as well. This paper is divided into three different folds; first, we studied various related literature of blockchain-enabling industrial Internet of Things and its critical implementation challenging aspects along with the solution. Secondly, we proposed a blockchain hyperledger sawtooth-enabled framework. This framework provides a secure and trusted execution environment, in which service delivery mechanisms and protocols are designed with an acknowledgment, including the immutable ledger storage security, along with the peer-to-peer network on-chain and off-chain communication of industrial activities. Thirdly, we design pseudo-chain codes and consensus protocols to provide smooth industrial node streamline transactions and broadcast content. The proposed multiple proof-of-work investigated and simulated using Hyperledger Sawtooth-enabled docker for testing to exchange information between connected devices of industrial Internet of Things within the limited usage of resource constraints. 

Internet of Things (IoT) Security With Blockchain Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review

A review paper on wireless sensor network techniques in Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of things (IoT) is a ubiquitous network which supports and offers a system that observes and manages the physical world through the aggregation, filtering, and investigation of generated data using IoT devices. Aggregation of data and routing of nodes in IoT devices are always challenging tasks. A well-organized data aggregation and routing of nodes is necessary factor for successful placement and use of IoT devices. IoT devices usually share large amount of data that can be converted into information. The information is aggregated to enhance the overall efficiency of the IoT network. Data aggregation is the process in which information is collected and expressed for the purpose of statistical analysis. Routing in the IoT network plays a vital role. IoT devices act as routers for sending information to the gateways. The routing of data affects the power consumption of progressing IoT devices. For these reasons, aggregation of data and routing of nodes are important for IoT devices. This paper conveys and evaluates comparison on current data aggregation and routing techniques of IoT devices. Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is simulated for ten different mobility conditions, and its performance is observed in respect of throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio.

A Comprehensive Review and Performance Evaluation of Recent Trends for Data Aggregation and Routing Techniques in IoT Networks

Internet has evolved into a promising technology after going through various transitional phases in the past decades. It was invented in the early nineties, with the web being static, public and shared. The final transitional phase is the internet of services, where the content, web services, Extensible Markup Language (XML), productivity and commerce tools were created by the user bringing improved websites and services. Later on, with affordable mobile broadband, Android phones and tablets, people could access the internet and be in touch with the world through social media platforms and mobile applications. IoT is a network of physical components, vehicles, household appliances and other items embedded with devices, software, sensor systems, actuators and connectivity, connecting and transferring data. The process of gathering data from heterogeneous sensors for preventing recurrent transmissions simultaneously offering quality aggregated information at the sink node is collectively called as data aggregation and routing process. There is a transmission of only most complex information to the sink node. The continuous use of data aggregation and routing technique increases the energy, bandwidth and memory requirements. The challenging aspects in IoT WSN are energy consumption, bandwidth and memory utilized for data aggregation and routing process. So, it is very much important to focus on these parameters so that the network has a greater lifetime and Quality of service. The tradeoff between energy saving, precision of data and latency can be achieved only by utilizing data redundancy, data similarity, data aggregation and routing algorithms. The aim of the research is to do the analysis of the IoT WSNs on the basis of the architecture, framework, and challenges related to security, data aggregation and routing techniques. This research work motivates the researchers to know about the challenges in data aggregation and routing in IoT WSNs. An efficient data aggregation and routing technique in IoT WSNs help to improve the QoS parameters namely, throughput, end to end delay, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption. Data aggregation technique in IoT WSNs help in saving the energy of the nodes in the network. Thus makes the network efficient in terms of energy and other QoS parameters. Because of the high density of nodes in IoT WSNs, same data is sensed by a lot of nodes, which results in redundancy. Using data aggregation technique, the redundancy can be eliminated while routing packets from source nodes to base station. • The transitional phase is the internet of services, where the content, web services, and commerce tools were created. • The data aggregation is the process of gathering data from heterogeneous sensors for preventing recurrent transmissions. • The analysis of the IoT WSNs on the basis of the architecture, framework, and challenges related to security. • This research work motivates the researches to know about the challenges in data aggregation and routing in IoT WSNs. 

An analysis of architecture, framework, security and challenging aspects for data aggregation and routing techniques in IoT WSNs

Bio-Inspired Multilevel Security Protocol for Data Aggregation and Routing in IoT WSNs

The Internet of things (IOT) has had a tremendous impact on the world. Truth be told, it has acquired advancement in most areas of innovation and ventures, which progressively has definitely decreased the estimation of business tasks. Furthermore, the field of horticulture isn’t averse to these mechanical headways. Prior, innovative arrangements completely depended on HR and hardware but are now taking care of a part of issues related to farming, thus carrying modernization to its core tasks. With these perceptions, we will discuss farming-related IOT personally. Thus, we will investigate the bearings in which Internet of things (IOT) applications in agribusiness figured out how to frame a major effect. Our paper focuses on approaches to develop better and progressively effective harvests to fulfill the growing food demand of the developing global population within the confines of ever-contracting arable land. In order to make the horticulture more astute and progressively effective to fulfill future desires, our section thought about the following angles and featured the role of changed advancements, particularly IOT. The advancement of most recent techniques improve harvest yield and deal with imaginative and more youthful individuals taking cultivation as a calling and horticulture as a route for autonomy from nonrenewable energy sources and following yield development, security and sustenance, and organizations between cultivators, providers, retailers, and purchasers.

Neeraj Chandnani

Papers

A review paper on wireless sensor network techniques in Internet of Things (IoT)

A Comprehensive Review and Performance Evaluation of Recent Trends for Data Aggregation and Routing Techniques in IoT Networks

An analysis of architecture, framework, security and challenging aspects for data aggregation and routing techniques in IoT WSNs

Bio-Inspired Multilevel Security Protocol for Data Aggregation and Routing in IoT WSNs

Internet of Things and Smart Farming