Suppose x is an unknown vector in Ropfm (a digital image or signal); we plan to measure n general linear functionals of x and then reconstruct. If x is known to be compressible by transform coding with a known transform, and we reconstruct via the nonlinear procedure defined here, the number of measurements n can be dramatically smaller than the size m. Thus, certain natural classes of images with m pixels need only n=O(m1/4log5/2(m)) nonadaptive nonpixel samples for faithful recovery, as opposed to the usual m pixel samples. More specifically, suppose x has a sparse representation in some orthonormal basis (e.g., wavelet, Fourier) or tight frame (e.g., curvelet, Gabor)-so the coefficients belong to an lscrp ball for 0<ples1. The N most important coefficients in that expansion allow reconstruction with lscr2 error O(N1/2-1p/). It is possible to design n=O(Nlog(m)) nonadaptive measurements allowing reconstruction with accuracy comparable to that attainable with direct knowledge of the N most important coefficients. Moreover, a good approximation to those N important coefficients is extracted from the n measurements by solving a linear program-Basis Pursuit in signal processing. The nonadaptive measurements have the character of "random" linear combinations of basis/frame elements. Our results use the notions of optimal recovery, of n-widths, and information-based complexity. We estimate the Gel'fand n-widths of lscrp balls in high-dimensional Euclidean space in the case 0<ples1, and give a criterion identifying near- optimal subspaces for Gel'fand n-widths. We show that "most" subspaces are near-optimal, and show that convex optimization (Basis Pursuit) is a near-optimal way to extract information derived from these near-optimal subspaces

Compressed sensing

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(12)61728-0.pdf

Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

Global strategy for asthma management and prevention

https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Abstract Purpose Neighborhood environments may influence cancer risk. Average population effect estimates might mask differential effects by socioeconomic position. Improving neighborhood environments could inadvertently widen health inequalities if important differences are overlooked. Methods Using linked records of hospital admissions in UK Biobank, we assessed associations between admission with a primary diagnosis of cancer (any/breast/colorectal), and exposure to neighborhood greenspace, physical activity facilities, and takeaway food stores, and whether household income and area deprivation modify these associations. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, and estimated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) to assess effect modification. Results Associations between neighborhood exposures and cancer-related hospitalizations were weak to null overall, but with some evidence of effect modification. Most notably, more greenspace near home was associated with 16% lower hazard of cancer-related hospital admission in deprived areas (95% CI 2–29%). This was further pronounced for people in low-income households in deprived areas, and for breast cancer. Conclusion In deprived neighborhoods, increasing the amount of greenspace may help reduce cancer-related hospitalizations. Examining effect modification by multiple socioeconomic indicators can yield greater insight into how social and environmental factors interact to influence cancer incidence. This may help avoid perpetuating cancer inequalities when designing neighborhood environment interventions. 

/pdf/neighborhood-environment-and-socioeconomic-inequalities-in-3mzyf9rn.pdf

Neighborhood environment and socioeconomic inequalities in cancer admissions: a prospective study using UK Biobank and linked hospital records

Farm Exposures in Utero May Protect Against Asthma, Hay Fever and Eczema: a Cross Sectional Study in New Zealand

In a previous editorial in this journal1 we have argued that there are likely to be important occupational causes of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (also commonly known as motor neuron disease) which have not yet been discovered or established.

However, for most neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, the epidemiology has not been ‘done’, and there have been relatively few high-quality studies, in contrast to the situation with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer and respiratory disease.

Nevertheless, a number of occupational exposures are suspected of contributing to the risk of ALS,2 including agricultural chemicals, metals, welding fume, electric shocks and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs)3 and organic solvents (eg, formaldehyde), although the evidence to date is inconsistent. Recently, a cluster of motor neurone disease (MND) cases has been linked to exposure to the fumigant methyl bromide.4 Other putative risk factors include military service,5 rural or urban residence, and a history of head injury including sporting injuries.6 ,7

The paper by Peters …

https://oem.bmj.com/content/oemed/early/2016/11/18/oemed-2016-103966.full.pdf

Neil Pearce

Papers

Neighborhood environment and socioeconomic inequalities in cancer admissions: a prospective study using UK Biobank and linked hospital records

Farm Exposures in Utero May Protect Against Asthma, Hay Fever and Eczema: a Cross Sectional Study in New Zealand

Occupational causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: where to from here?

β2-agonists and New Zealand asthma mortality

Environmental risk factors for reduced kidney function due to undetermined cause in India: an environmental epidemiologic analysis