Showing papers in "The Lancet in 1991"

TL;DR: There was an inverse association between employment grade and prevalence of angina, electrocardiogram evidence of ischaemia, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis, and self-perceived health status and symptoms were worse in subjects in lower status jobs.

TL;DR: There were striking differences in natural history between the groups and the findings have important implications for the planning of stroke treatment trials and suggest that various therapies could be directed specifically at the subgroups.

TL;DR: The main concern was to avoid disabling or fatal events, and, among severe stenosis patients, 3.7% had a disabling stroke (or died) within 30 days of surgery, an extra 1.1% surgery versus 8.4% control (p less than 0.0001).

TL;DR: The presence of publication bias in a cohort of clinical research studies is confirmed and it is suggested that conclusions based only on a review of published data should be interpreted cautiously, especially for observational studies.

TL;DR: The polyunsaturated/saturated ratio as a measure of the propensity of the diet to influence the incidence of coronary heart disease should be replaced by indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity.

TL;DR: It is concluded that gastric MALT is acquired in H pylori infection and that this provides the necessary background in which MALT lymphoma might develop.

TL;DR: Reversibility and adaptability, allowing control of side-effects, make thalamic stimulation preferable to thalamotomy, especially when treatment of both sides of the brain is needed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive men and women aged 70-84 confers highly significant and clinically relevant reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as in total mortality.

TL;DR: The results confirm the existence of an insulin resistance syndrome, prevalent in South Asian populations and associated with a pronounced tendency to central obesity in this group, and control of obesity and greater physical activity offer the best chances for prevention of diabetes and CHD.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the inverse relation between alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease is causal is supported.

TL;DR: The results indicate that physical activity may be a promising approach to the primary prevention of NIDDM, and risk reduction with exercise was evident among both obese and nonobese women.

TL;DR: Although SVR fell substantially after prostacyclin in patients with pulmonary hypertension, inhaled NO had no effect on SVR in any patient or volunteer, and seems to be both a selective and effective pulmonary vasodilator.

TL;DR: It is concluded that anticoagulation with dose-adjusted intravenous heparin is an effective treatment in patients with SVT and that ICH is not a contraindication toHeparin treatment in these patients.

TL;DR: It is suggested that hypercholesterolaemia impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation of the coronary microcirculation and that this impairment can be restored by short-term administration of L-arginine.

TL;DR: The effects of NO synthase inhibition in two patients with life-threatening septic shock in whom conventional therapy had failed to restore blood pressure are described and indicate that inhibition of No synthase may represent a novel therapeutic option.

TL;DR: It is concluded that use of 2% chlorhexidine, rather than 10% povidone-iodine or 70% alcohol, for cutaneous disinfection before insertion of an intravascular device and for post-insertion site care can substantially reduce the incidence of device-related infection.

TL;DR: The finding that soya products may protect against breast cancer in younger women is of interest since these foods are rich in phyto-oestrogens.

TL;DR: It is suggested that some populations with a high incidence of coronary heart disease may benefit from eating diets rich in natural antioxidants, particularly vitamin E.

TL;DR: The prevalence rate of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), defined as enlargement of the prostate gland of equivalent weight greater than 20 g in the presence of symptoms of urinary dysfunction and/or a urinary peak flow rate less than 15 ml/s and without evidence of malignancy, was 253 (95% CI 221-285) per 1000 men in the community.

TL;DR: It is suggested that, although the vaccine conferred protection against group B meningococcal disease, the effect was insufficient to justify a public vaccination programme.

TL;DR: The view that recurrence of Crohn's disease in the neoterminal ileum after curative ileal resection is dependent on faecal stream is strongly supported.

TL;DR: The direct activation of keratinocytes, with their ability to produce the complete repertoire of pro-inflammatory cytokines, can profoundly influence endogenous and recruited immunocompetent cells, thereby providing the critical trigger responsible for the swift and clinically dramatic alterations that occur following contact between the epidermis and a host of "noxious" agents.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that EBV is associated with more cases of HD than was previously recognised, that in positive cases RS cells express a latent infection protein phenotype which differs from that of other EBV-associated lymphomas, and that LMP expression is related to histologically aggressive subtypes of HD.

TL;DR: It is suggested that 120-kDa-positive strains of H pylori have pathogenic features associated with active gastritis and peptic ulceration and infection with 120- kDa-negative strains may explain why peptic Ulceration develops in only a proportion of subjects infected with H plyori.

TL;DR: This article presents the first results of the Dutch nationwide study on euthanasia and other medical decisions concerning the end of life (MDEL) and concludes that these decisions are common medical practice and should get more attention in research, teaching, and public debate.

TL;DR: It is concluded that sustained administration of desferrioxamine may slow the clinical progression of the dementia associated with AD.