Nicholas A. Shackel

TL;DR: Real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) is the method of choice for rapid and reproducible measurements of cytokine or growth factor expression in small samples, but in the authors' hands it did not equal the reproducible sensitivity and specificity of fluorogenic probes.

TL;DR: HBV DNA integration is likely to influence HBV replication, persistence, and pathogenesis, and so deserves greater attention in future studies.

TL;DR: The pathogenic links between NAFLD and diabetes are examined by exploring the epidemiological evidence in humans and also through newer animal models, and the potential role of preventive and therapeutic approaches in the setting of diabetes is examined.

TL;DR: HCV-associated cirrhosis was characterized by a proinflammatory, profibrotic, and proapoptotic gene expression profile.

TL;DR: Drug and host immune responses are likely to provide powerful selection forces that shape HCV genetic diversity and replication dynamics, and considered in terms of drug resistance as well as host “immune resistance” in the STAT‐C treatment era could provide important information toward an optimized and individualized therapy for chronic hepatitis C.