Strain-based non-intrusive approaches for measuring the pressure of pipes have attracted widespread attention due to their great convenience and ability to avoid destroying the integrity of structures. However, the mentioned method usually measures the dynamic pressure based only on the static strain–pressure sensitivity coefficients (SSSCs) instead of the dynamic strain–pressure sensitivity coefficients (DSSCs) due to its complicated calibration, which will inevitably affect the accuracy significantly. To address this issue, a model-driven scheme with dual stages is proposed in the present study to compensate the dynamic pressure measurement. The DSSCs are analytically derived for the first time from the axial governing equations of the pipe, considering the general boundary conditions for the thin-walled and thick-walled pipes simultaneously. In the first stage, the physical parameters involved in the DSSCs are calibrated by minimizing the residual of the experimental results and the theoretical counterparts. In the second stage, the DSSCs calculated from the calibrated analytical model are utilized to compensate the dynamic pressure based on the relationship between the DSSCs and the SSSCs. The proposed method is applied to an industrial hydraulic pipe system, and the experimental results show that the relative error is reduced greatly after the compensation is implemented, demonstrating the validity of the proposed compensation method.

A Model-Driven Scheme to Compensate the Strain-Based Non-Intrusive Dynamic Pressure Measurement for Hydraulic Pipe

The presented study intends to analyze the microstructure and corresponding mechanical characteristics of P91 and Incoloy 800HT dissimilar welded joint (DWJ). The thermo-physical property differences between P91 and Incoloy 800HT arise due to their complex alloying composition, making their weldability difficult. Incoloy 800HT is difficult to weld due to its high susceptibility to solidification cracking. The recommended nickel-based filler metals for welding Incoloy 800HT were employed to weld P91 and Incoloy 800HT using conventional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The welded joint morphology and characteristics were analyzed in as-welded (AW) and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions. The PWHT was performed to observe changes in microstructural inhomogeneity and residual stress relaxation in weld after the heat treatment. An electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was utilized to observe the distribution and segregation of elements in different weld regions. The deep hole drill technique was employed to find the distribution of bi-axial residual stresses in the weld fusion zone (WFZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of base metals in both AW and PWHT conditions. The two nickel-based fillers, ERNiCr-3 and ERNiCrMo-3, were employed, and their weld characteristics were compared. The mechanical strength of ERNiCr-3 filler-based DWJ was found superior to ERNiCrMo-3 filler-based DWJ. The standard AW and PWHT ERNiCr-3 filler-based DWJ tensile specimen failed from Incoloy 800HT base metal with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 570 ± 4 MPa and 650 ± 4 MPa, respectively. The ERNiCrMo-3 filler-based DWJ obtained the highest UTS of 679 MPa after PWHT in a subsize specimen. The microhardness for ERNiCrMo-3 WFZ was found to be higher than ERNiCr-3 WFZ microhardness, and PWHT successfully tempered the P91 HAZ. Further, the impact toughness for the ERNiCr-3 WFZ in AW condition was 86 ± 3 J and PWHT did not provide any significant improvements, while ERNiCrMo-3 WFZ had an impact toughness of 47 ± 10 J in AW state and 41 ± 10 J in PWHT state. Thus, a successful weld characteristic study of defect-free P91 and Incoloy 800HT DWJ was completed, and ERNiCr-3 filler was concluded to be an optimum choice of filler to make the DWJ between P91 and Incoloy 800HT. 

Dissimilar joining of the martensitic grade P91 and Incoloy 800HT alloy for AUSC boiler application: Microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stresses

Development of electroactive materials-based immunosensor towards early-stage cancer detection

Analytical modelling and sensitivity analysis of Gallium Nitride-Gate Material and, dielectric engineered- Schottky nano-wire fet(GaN-GME-DE-SNW-fet) based label-free biosensor

Numerical modeling of a dielectric modulated surrounding-triple-gate germanium-source MOSFET (DM-STGGS-MOSFET)-based biosensor

Investigating the effect of process parameters on weld pool thermal history and mechanical properties of laser welded Inconel 625 and Duplex stainless steel 2205 dissimilar welds

In this work, the impact of gate material work function on the sensitivity of dual-material, double-gate, junctionless MOSFET (
 $$DMDG-JL-MOSFET$$
 )-based biosensor has been studied. To enhance the sensitivity of the biosensor, optimization of gate work functions has been done through Sentaurus TCAD simulator. With the immobilization of biomolecules in the cavity at different value of work function of gate metal 1 (M1) and gate metal 2 (M2), i.e., WF1 and WF2, enhancement in sensing metrics (change in threshold voltage $$S_{V{\rm th}}$$
 and $$I_{ON}$$
 /
 $$I_{OFF}$$
 ratio) is observed. The enhancement in sensitivity is profound in source-side gate (M1) work function (WF1) optimization as compared to drain-side gate (M2) work function (WF2) optimization. Sensitivity of 90 mV is observed in source-side gate work function optimization which is $$\sim$$
 89% more than the sensitivity of 23 mV which is achieved in drain-side gate work function optimization for a fixed concentration and dielectric constant of biomolecules. It has also been noted that the proposed structure exhibits $$\sim 90\%$$
 higher sensitivity than the single-material, dual-gate, junctionless MOSFET (
 $$SMDG-JL-MOSFET$$
 ) biosensor. Results showcase that the optimization of gate metal work functions enhances the sensitivity of the biosensor.

Work function optimization for enhancement of sensitivity of dual-material (DM), double-gate (DG), junctionless MOSFET-based biosensor

In this work, a 2 − D analytical model of Dielectrically Modulated, Dual Material, Double Gate Junctionless MOSFET (DMDG-JL-MOSFET) based label free biosensor has been proposed to investigate the effect of high-κ gate dielectric materials (TiO2, HfO2, and Al2O3) and cavity length variation on the sensitivity of the biosensor. The model has been validated with data obtained from Sentaurus TCAD simulator. The variation in threshold voltage (Vth), drain current (Id) and ION/IOFF ratio has been used as the sensing metric to estimate the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor. It has been observed that at a cavity length (Lcav) of 25 nm, TiO2 shows 87%, 68% and 52% higher sensitivity than if SiO2 is taken as gate dielectric in case of neutral, positively charged and negatively charged biomolecules respectively. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed DMDG-JL-MOSFET based biosensor is confirmed by benchmarking the sensitivity metric with contemporary architectures of JL-MOSFET based biosensor. We have reported that DMDG-JL-MOSFET exhibits significant increase in sensitivity when compared to other contemporary JL-MOSFET based biosensors, thus making the proposed device an attractive solution for biosensing applications.

2-D Analytical Modeling and Simulation of Dual Material, Double Gate, Gate Stack Engineered, Junctionless MOSFET based Biosensor with Enhanced Sensitivity

A novel technique on MZI based electro-optic type pressure transmitter using modified bourdon tube

The Mechanical attributes and the Microstructure of distinctive 5052 aluminum alloy and 316L Stainless steel joint fabricated by resistance spot welding were studied. Influence of spot-welding method's variables on the vital functions such as shear tensile strength, diameter of nuggets and modes of failure were analyzed. The results of the experimental analysis showed that tensile shear strength increases with the increase in weld time and weld current. Increase in tensile strength could be related with the increase in nugget diameter. Fractography was done to find out the quality of joints by distinguishing different failure modes.

Niraj Kumar Singh

Papers

Investigating the effect of process parameters on weld pool thermal history and mechanical properties of laser welded Inconel 625 and Duplex stainless steel 2205 dissimilar welds

Work function optimization for enhancement of sensitivity of dual-material (DM), double-gate (DG), junctionless MOSFET-based biosensor

2-D Analytical Modeling and Simulation of Dual Material, Double Gate, Gate Stack Engineered, Junctionless MOSFET based Biosensor with Enhanced Sensitivity

A novel technique on MZI based electro-optic type pressure transmitter using modified bourdon tube

Material characterization of resistance spot welded aluminium alloy 5052 and stainless steel 316L joints