Lynch, MA. Long-Term Potentiation and Memory. Physiol Rev 84: 87–136, 2004; 10.1152/physrev.00014.2003.—One of the most significant challenges in neuroscience is to identify the cellular and molecu...

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Long-Term Potentiation and Memory

Glutamate receptors in the mammalian central nervous system

AMPA Receptor Trafficking at Excitatory Synapses

The need to feed: Homeostatic and hedonic control of eating

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/biology/pollack/w4065/client_edit/11-30-01%20pdfs/w4065/cell98_427.pdf

Mice with Reduced NMDA Receptor Expression Display Behaviors Related to Schizophrenia

Impairment of suckling response, trigeminal neuronal pattern formation, and hippocampal LTD in NMDA receptor ε2 subunit mutant mice

Generation of masticatory rhythm in the brainstem

The central pattern generator (CPG) for masticatory movements has been located in the medial bulbar reticular formation, by using cortically induced rhythmical jaw and tongue movements as a model. To analyze how stationary input from the cortex is transformed into rhythmical output in the neuronal population comprising the CPG, rhythmical neural activities representing rhythmical food ingestive movements were experimentally induced in vitro. Bath-application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced rhythmical activities in the trigeminal (V), facial (VII) and hypoglossal (XII) nerves of in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparations isolated from newborn rats and mice. This paper will review evidence for the notion that (1) the rhythmical XII nerve activity represents rhythmical sucking movements; (2) the population of neurons critically involved in the rhythm generation of the XII nerve is localized in the ventromedial medulla oblongata on both sides, and can induce rhythmical XII nerve activity on the same side independently of each other; (3) the rhythmical activities in the V, VII, and XII motoneurons are induced by separate CPGs, which are located segmentally at the respective level of the V motor, VII, and XII nuclei. In addition, rhythmical masticatory-like EMG activity of jaw muscles can be induced by repetitive stimulation of the pyramidal tract in the in vitro brainstem isolated from adult mice together with the oral-facial structures. We propose that the in vitro brainstem preparation is a useful tool for longitudinal analysis of postnatal development of the central pattern generation of food ingestive movements, including conversion from sucking to mastication.

Generation of rhythmical ingestive activities of the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal motoneurons in in vitro CNS preparations isolated from rats and mice.

In vitro block preparations of the central nervous system (CNS) are particularly valuable for study of central neuronal mechanisms controlling the respiratory and locomotor rhythms No comparable in vitro preparation has been described previously, however, for analysis of analogous feeding rhythms In this chapter, we present such a model It is comprised of an in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation isolated from the newborn rat and mouse Bath application to this preparation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induces rhythmical burst activity in the V, VII and XII nerves, which, collectively, is indicative of feeding behavior Selected transections of the brainstem reveal that the central sucking rhythm generators for such V, VII and XII activity are separate from one another, and located segmentally in the brainstem at the level of their respective motor nuclei We believe that use of this in vitro preparation will advance understanding of the central neuronal mechanisms controlling sucking and mastication, and the developmental transition from sucking to mastication

Rhythm generation for food-ingestive movements.

We tried to induce rhythmical oro-facial motor activities in an isolated brain stem-spinal cord preparation from nervborn rats. Neural activities were monitored from the hypoglossal nerve (XII N) and the ventral roots of the cervical cord. Bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) as well as glutamate induced rhythmical burst activity in XII N distinct from and much faster than respiratory rhythm. This NMDA-induced rhythmical activity was blocked by simultaneous application of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5). The results demonstrate that NMDA receptor activation can induce rhythmical XII N activity different from respiration in an isolated mammalian CNS. This preparation will be useful for the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying the central generation of food ingestive movements

Nobuo Katakura

Papers

Impairment of suckling response, trigeminal neuronal pattern formation, and hippocampal LTD in NMDA receptor ε2 subunit mutant mice

Generation of masticatory rhythm in the brainstem

Generation of rhythmical ingestive activities of the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal motoneurons in in vitro CNS preparations isolated from rats and mice.

Rhythm generation for food-ingestive movements.

NMDA-induced rhythmical activity in XII nerve of isolated CNS from newborn rats.