Annual Energy Outlook 2008 With Projections to 2030

ライブラリー Annual Energy Outlook 2000

MedicineNet是一家在线医疗保健出版公司，通过友好的交互式网站为用户提供通俗易读的专业权威性医学信息。该网站编辑团队由训练有素、极富经验的内科学、健康管理、互联网技术和商业领域资深专家组成，主体成员为经董事会认证的70多位内科医生。网站自成立以来得到了全美国用户的认可。

MedicineNet

In the last few years, the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for energy management in buildings has received significant attention from the research community. MPC is becoming more and more viable because of the increase in computational power of building automation systems and the availability of a significant amount of monitored building data. MPC has found successful implementation in building thermal regulation, fully exploiting the potential of building thermal mass. Moreover, MPC has been positively applied to active energy storage systems, as well as to the optimal management of on-site renewable energy sources. MPC also opens up several opportunities for enhancing energy efficiency in the operation of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems because of its ability to consider constraints, prediction of disturbances and multiple conflicting objectives, such as indoor thermal comfort and building energy demand. Despite the application of MPC algorithms in building control has been thoroughly investigated in various works, a unified framework that fully describes and formulates the implementation is still lacking. Firstly, this work introduces a common dictionary and taxonomy that gives a common ground to all the engineering disciplines involved in building design and control. Secondly the main scope of this paper is to define the MPC formulation framework and critically discuss the outcomes of different existing MPC algorithms for building and HVAC system management. The potential benefits of the application of MPC in improving energy efficiency in buildings were highlighted.

/pdf/model-predictive-control-mpc-for-enhancing-building-and-hvac-3bxzsgstnj.pdf

Model Predictive Control (MPC) for Enhancing Building and HVAC System Energy Efficiency: Problem Formulation, Applications and Opportunities

This paper investigates heat pump systems in smart grids, focussing on fields of application and control approaches that have emerged in academic literature. Based on a review of published literatu ...

https://zenodo.org/record/895978/files/article.pdf

On heat pumps in smart grids: A review

Real time synchronized phasor measurement in power network is obtained by the improvement in monitoring, control and, protection of the power system. In recent time, the installation ratio of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is constantly increasing for the real time measurement throughout worldwide. The increment in the number of PMU installation is to only focus on the improvement of system state estimation (SE) performance. However, the expensive nature of the metering device requires huge amount of installation cost with the other communication facilities, therefore an optimal placement of PMU is necessary. Different techniques have been designed and used to overcome this matter. The paper presents numerous optimization algorithms such as, Mathematical programming, Heuristic, and Meta-Heuristic techniques which are specially used for the optimization of PMU placement with complete network observability. Furthermore, each PMU technique is explained, and performances are compared for the most appropriate and optimal placement of PMU methods, which can be recommended for a future work to get complete network observability.

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-for-optimal-placement-of-phasor-3n3oigeujx.pdf

A comprehensive review for optimal placement of phasor measurement unit for network observability

This paper discusses the optimal energy management of chiller plant. Two intelligent approaches have been employed. Fuzzy is used to adjust the set-point and, while PSO is utilized to optimize the objective function after setting by Fuzzy. Moreover, Fuzzy is also utilized to adjust weighting factors in order to find the best values for the PSO local and global. This will improve PSO performance. The proposed method was combined two levels as Fuzzified PSO, and the model has been simulated and validated by a real case study which consists of 5 electric-driven chillers. The results have shown that the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the conventional one, and it also has demonstrated a better power saving.

Intelligent approach for optimal energy management of chiller plant using fuzzy and PSO techniques

This paper presents the study on direct drive linear generator designs with aluminium spacer and alternate slot winding for wave energy conversion system . The study involved the development of permanent magnet linear generator designs with the variation on aluminium spacer utilization as part of magnet assembly and alternate slot winding usage instead of conventional winding arrangement. The proposed designs were simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM) software to attain the results on flux distribution, air-gap flux density and open circuit results. The total weight and material cost of each design were also estimated. These results are significant in finding the acceptable design’s alternatives to counter the need of huge and heavy linear generator in wave energy converter system. Comparative studies on simulation results and calculated data were conducted between the alternative and conventional design. It is found out that alternate slot winding design improves the performance of conventional design with no impact on design’s weight and material cost while aluminium spacer design yields more significant negative results on the performance than the positive effects in term of design’s weight and material cost.

/pdf/direct-drive-linear-generator-designs-with-aluminium-spacer-2ybmxmopdo.pdf

Direct Drive Linear Generator Designs with Aluminium Spacer and Alternate Slot Winding for Wave Energy Conversion System

Heat Energy Harvesting for Portable Power Supply (PosHEAT) is the renewable energy which produces electrical energy from waste heat. PosHEAT has many attractive features, such as reduced maintenance, completely silent, no moving parts and no emission to generate electricity. Based on Thermocouple concept, the greatest material to produce more power is Seebeck made from Bismuth Telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ). PosHEAT will convert heat energy to electrical energy when there is temperature difference between the two sides. Temperature play the main role in this project to produce power. This paper highlights the Seebeck theory and electrical system design for storage of the energy.

Nursyarizal Mohd Nor

Papers

A comprehensive review for optimal placement of phasor measurement unit for network observability

Intelligent approach for optimal energy management of chiller plant using fuzzy and PSO techniques

Direct Drive Linear Generator Designs with Aluminium Spacer and Alternate Slot Winding for Wave Energy Conversion System

Heat Energy Harvesting for Portable Power Supply

Optimal design of a single-slotted permanent-magnet linear generator for wave energy conversion