Ola Bagato

TL;DR: The newly developed ppNT assay does not require Biosafety Level 3 containment and is thus a relatively high-throughput assay, well suited for large-scale seroepidemiology studies which are needed to better understand the ecology and epidemiology of MERS-CoV.

TL;DR: Genetic and antigenic analyses of viruses revealed that influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.2.1 viruses are dominant and that all subtype H9N2 viruses are G1-like, which poses concern for potential reassortment.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that camels are a reservoir for MERS-CoV and that camel trade is an important route of introducing the virus into importing countries is supported and findings related to waning antibodies and re-infection have implications for camel vaccine development, disease management and zoonotic threat.

TL;DR: Serological analysis of H9N2 virus revealed antigenic conservation among Egyptian isolates, and continuous surveillance that results in genetic and antigenic characterization of H5N1 subtype in Egypt is warranted.

TL;DR: Results indicated that H5N1 viruses in Egypt continue to evolve and a new distinct cluster has emerged, and surveillance and molecular studies need to be sustained.