The four Visegrad states — Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia (until 1993 Czechoslovakia) and Hungary — form a compact area between Germany and Austria in the west and the states of the former USSR in the east. They are bounded by the Baltic in the north and the Danube river in the south. They are cut by the Sudeten and Carpathian mountain ranges, which divide Poland off from the other states. Poland is an extension of the North European plain and like the latter is drained by rivers that flow from south to north west — the Oder, the Vlatava and the Elbe, the Vistula and the Bug. The Danube is the great exception, flowing from its source eastward, turning through two 90-degree turns to end up in the Black Sea, forming the barrier and often the political frontier between central Europe and the Balkans. Hungary to the east of the Danube is also an open plain. The region is historically and culturally part of western Europe, but its eastern Marches now represents a vital strategic zone between Germany and the core of the European Union to the west and the Russian zone to the east.

Economy and Society

La multiplication de reformes, au sein des administrations, mobilisant des principes et des instruments inspires de la doctrine du New Public Management (NPM), a provoque protestations et mobilisations collectives de la part de nombreux groupes professionnels dans de nombreux secteurs (sante, education, justice, travail social, recherche…). Ces phenomenes font surgir des interrogations sur le devenir des groupes professionnels inscrits dans les services publics en particulier sur la remise en cause de leur autonomie par les reformes NPM. L’opposition entre NPM et professions, pour heuristique qu’elle soit, n’epuise pas l’analyse. Faut-il penser ces changements en termes de declin des professions, de retrecissement des autonomies professionnelles, de mutations des modeles professionnels, de recomposition du professionnalisme, etc. ? Ces questions se situent au carrefour d’une actualite vive — en France et en Europe — et de reflexions sociologiques continues. Elles sont developpees et traitees ici a partir de terrains empiriques, d’echelles d’analyse et d’experiences de recherche variees. Les contributions a ce dossier explorent ainsi les declinaisons des tensions entre NPM et professions.

https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/c6t1fl36hv9s7q89j6sh929hh/resources/2011-benamouzig-et-alii-new-public-management-v-auteur.pdf

New Public Management et professions dans l’État : au-delà des oppositions, quelles recompositions ?

This paper primarily deals with the relationships between academics and their university in European countries The aim of this paper is therefore not to produce new results but provide a synthesis of the main trends that can be identified from the literature and then suggest what can be borrowed from sociological theories to highlight the on-going evolutions The first section of the paper reviews the main results to be drawn from previous research on this issue and focuses on the management of academic careers and the management of academic activities at the university level The second section suggests alternative interpretative frameworks to be borrowed from sociological theory in order to complete the already existing research and develop new perspectives to explain and interpret these changes in the relationships between academics and their institutions Four perspectives are successively explored particularly useful here: a sociology of work; a labor market perspective; an analysis in terms of careers and trajectories and finally considerations about the traditional tension between organizations and professions

/pdf/redefinition-of-the-relationships-between-academics-and-1ojkk7x96h.pdf

Redefinition of the relationships between academics and their university

How peer review empowers the academic profession and university managers: Changes in relationships between the state, universities and the professoriate

The proliferation of reforms in public administration based on the principles and instruments of the " New Public Management" (NPM) have triggered protest from and collective action by many professional groups in various sectors (healthcare, education, justice, social work, research...) and raised questions about the future of professionals working in the public service, particularly as concerns their autonomy. However, after analyzing the situation, it seems that the opposition between NPM and certain professional groups is not the last word in the debate. Should changes be seen as the decline of professional groups and of their autonomy or as a transformation of professional models, an overhaul of professionalism, etc.? Such questions, which current events in France and Europe have brought to the fore, are food for ongoing sociological thought. They are broached here empirically, from the field, applying varied levels of analysis and research. The contributors to this dossier explore the different forms of tension existing between professional groups and NPM. © 2012 Elsevier Masson

https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/7o2v43dfqq8dlp4leggovrrc23/resources/2012-bezes-new-public-management-and-professionals-vauteur.pdf

New public management and professionals in the public sector

Against the backdrop of the conflict observed between managers and professionals, two definitions of collegiality emerge: on one hand, a specific organizational form (bottom up) and, on the other, a procedure of bureaucratic management (top down). A study of networks of priests in a Roman Catholic diocese in France is used to explore how those two definitions are related. Questions are raised as to the effects of a too narrow organizational rationalization that uses collegiality only as a top down, bureaucratic, managerial procedure. This always entails the risk of making the work done by experts sterile because it overlooks the first type of collegiality, which is based on the nature of non-routine tasks that members perform together thanks to an endogenous organizational structure of a bottom up type.

Two definitions of collegiality and their inter-relation : The case of a Roman Catholic diocese

Against the background of the conflict observed between managers and professionals, two definitions of collegiality are identified: on the one hand, as a specific organizational form (bottom up) and, on the other, as a procedure of bureaucratic management (top down). A study of networks of priests in a catholic diocese in France is used to explore how these two definitions are related. Questions are raised about the effects of a too narrow organizational rationalization that uses collegiality only as a top down, bureaucratic managerial

Deux définitions de la collégialité et leur articulation : le cas d'un diocèse catholique Two definitions of collegiality and their articulation: The case of a catholic diocese

Cet article identifie, en arriere-plan des conflits observes entre managers et professionals, deux definitions
de la collegialite, l’une comme forme organisationnelle propre (bottom up), l’autre comme procede de
gestion bureaucratique (top down). Il propose un examen exploratoire des modalites d’articulation des deux
definitions en s’appuyant sur une etude de reseaux de pretres dans un diocese catholique francais. Il interroge
enfin les effets d’une rationalisation organisationnelle trop etroite dans laquelle la collegialite n’est utilisee
que comme procede de gestion bureaucratique top down. Cette derniere prend toujours le risque de steriliser le
travail des experts en ignorant le premier type de collegialite, celle qui est fondee sur la nature des tâches non
routinieres conjointement accomplies par les membres grâce a une structuration organisationnelle endogene
de type bottom up .

https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/7o52iohb7k6srk09n20kgj2c2/resources/2010-lazega-watterbled-deux-definitions-de-la-collegialite-et-leur-articulation-vauteur.pdf

Olivier Wattebled

Papers

Two definitions of collegiality and their inter-relation : The case of a Roman Catholic diocese

Deux définitions de la collégialité et leur articulation : le cas d'un diocèse catholique Two definitions of collegiality and their articulation: The case of a catholic diocese

Deux définitions de la collégialité et leur articulation: le cas d’un diocèse catholique