https://jcp.bmj.com/content/jclinpath/30/7/686.1.full.pdf

Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry

Edible fruits from Brazilian biodiversity: A review on their sensorial characteristics versus bioactivity as tool to select research.

Senna alata is a medicinal herb of Leguminosae family. It is distributed in the tropical and humid regions. The plant is traditionally used in the treatment of typhoid, diabetes, malaria, asthma, ringworms, tinea infections, scabies, blotch, herpes, and eczema. The review is aimed at unveiling the ethnobotanical description and pharmacological activities of S. alata. Different parts of the plant are reported in folk medicine as therapeutic substances for remediation of diverse diseases and infections. The extracts and isolated compounds displayed pronounced pharmacological activities. Display of antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, dermatophytic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antilipogenic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimalarial, anthelmintic, and antiviral activities could be due to the array of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinone, saponins, phenolics, cannabinoid alkaloids, 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene, limonene, α-selinene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, cinnamic acid, pyrazol-5-ol, methaqualone, isoquinoline, quinones, reducing sugars, steroids, and volatile oils present in different parts of the plant. The review divulges the ethnobotanical and pharmacological activities of the plant and also justifies the ethnomedical claims. The significant medicinal value of this plant necessitates a scientific adventure into the bioactive metabolites which constitute various extracts.

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Ethnobotanical Description and Biological Activities of Senna alata

The genus Senna (Fabaceae): A review on its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology

Influence of olive leaves extract on hepatorenal injury in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Background Oxidative stress induced tissue damage might be the major cause for diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The management of such oxidative stress is the biggest challenge over the decade. The main objective was to analyze the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Senna alata L leaves on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems of hepatic and renal tissues in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Methods The use of streptozotocin diabetes was induced in the experimental rats and the subsequent therapeutic effects of standard drug glibenclamide and Senna alata L were compared. The levels of plasma insulin, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-s-tranferase were assayed in control and experimental groups of rats. Results These alterations were detected throughout the study duration after the treatment with Senna alata L and glibenclamide. A significant raise followed by the treatment with Senna alata leaves in vitamin E, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-tranferase was observed. It has been found that notable decline in the levels of vitamin C, reduced glutathione were observed in diabetic rats. The liver and kidney based antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly responsive to the treatment in diabetic rats. Apart from these antioxidant system, some vital changes were detected in the typical biochemical parameters such as level of protein, urea, uric acid, and creatinine from abnormal into normal in both the control and induced rats. Conclusion From the above said observations, it was very clear that, Senna alata has helped to manage the oxidative tension in diabetic rats, which in turn may greatly support the hypoglycaemic potency of Senna alata L.

Hepato-renal protective effects of hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata for the possible free radical scavenging and cytotoxic properties. Using such hydroethanolic extract, various in vitro antioxidant assays at different concentrations were performed and analyzed. In all the assays, plant extract has good inhibitory effect. Ethanolic extract of Senna alata was further subjected into cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line. Accordingly, it was also found that the plant extract has appreciable potency against cancer cell lines.

Pharmacological analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata (L.) for in vitro free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cancer cell line.

In this study, we have aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of this plant and the concentration of strychnine and brucine. The identification of bioactive compounds was done by GC-MS with NIST Library. Strychnine and Brucine were quantified using HPLC. Twenty one medicinal bio active compounds were identified from the Strychnos nux-vomica leaf ethanolic extract. Strychnine is showing 28.43% purity and brucine was not detected in GCMS analysis. Quantified the concentration of strychnine (0.6 mg in 500mg of extract) and brucine (1.6 mg in 500mg of extract) was done by HPLC against Strychnine and Brucine standard. These compounds are having natural properties of Anti-inflammatory, Hypocholesterole, Cancer preventive, Hepatoprotective, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cardio protective, Antiaging, Antialzheimeran, Antidermatitic, Immunostimulant, Anthepatotoxic, biosynthesis of steroid hormones, Nematicide, Antiandrogenic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, antipsychotic, analgesic, apoptotic effect, antidepressant, antidote for snake poisoning and diabetic activity.

HPLC and GC-MS: Identification and Quantification of Strychnine and Brucine in Strychnos nux-vomica leaves.

Strychnos Nux-Vomica is a remedial plant used in herbal medicine and medicinal plants is having a curative history and are still helping healthiness requirements of a large population in the world. Therapeutic plants are used to cure various diseases, these are the phytochemicals extracted from plants. Strychnos-nux-vomica is having Strychnine and Brucine with biological properties. However, qualitative and quantification of the compounds in plant extract is determined by using chromatography techniques. The method HPTLC is used in identification, standardization and quantification of bioactive Phytoconstituent in plant extract and these extracts helpful in medications. Strychnos Nux-vomica leaves are extracted with 50% Ethanol in a water and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5min for analysis. 3 µl of Sample S and 2 µl of standard solution were loaded in CAMAG LINOMAT 5 instrument and scanning done at UV 254nm. The Mobile phase is used ratio of Toluene – Ethyl acetate – Diethyl amine (7:2:1) and Dragendorff's reagent is used as spraying for spot development. HPTLC chromatograms shows the Strychnine, Brucine and eight unknown compounds. Strychnine, Brucine Rf values are 0.50, 0.33 and values of the area is 16667.7 and 13826.4.

P.N. Prasad Maddisetty

Papers

Hepato-renal protective effects of hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Pharmacological analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata (L.) for in vitro free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cancer cell line.

HPLC and GC-MS: Identification and Quantification of Strychnine and Brucine in Strychnos nux-vomica leaves.

Analysis of Strychnine and Brucine in hydro ethanolic extract of Strychnos Nux-Vomica leaves by using HPTLC