A good number of abstracts and research articles (in total 74) published, so far, for evaluating antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest were gone through where 407 methods were come across, which were repeated from 29 different methods. These were classified as in vitro and in vivo methods. And those are described and discussed below in this review article. In the later part of this review article, frequency of in vitro as well as in vivo methods is analyzed with a bar diagram. Solvents are important for extracting antioxidants from natural sources. Frequency of solvents used for extraction is also portrayed and the results are discussed in this article. As per this review there are 19 in vitro methods and 10 in vivo methods that are being used for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of the sample of interest. DPPH method was found to be used mostly for the in vitro antioxidant activity evaluation purpose while LPO was found as mostly used in vivo antioxidant assay. Ethanol was with the highest frequency as solvent for extraction purpose.

Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity.

Curcumin-phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Nanotechnology, the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm), offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity toward recalcitrant contaminants and application flexibility, many nanomaterials are under active research and development. Accordingly, literature about current research on different nanomaterials (nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, and bioactive nanoparticles) and their application in water treatment, purification and disinfection is reviewed in this article. Moreover, knowledge regarding toxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials on humans and the environment is presented.

Nanotechnology and Water Treatment: Applications and Emerging Opportunities

Background
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have received much attention for their implications in cancer therapy. It has been reported that ZnO NPs induce selective killing of cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer response of ZnO NPs remain unclear.

http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/5_0.pdf

Zinc oxide nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells through reactive oxygen species.

Cadmium toxicity and tolerance in vascular plants

A simple and rapid method for the assay of superoxide dismutase in biological samples is described. Present method takes advantage of the inhibition of NADH-dependent-nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by the dismutase. Inhibition of the chromogen formation by superoxide dismutase was linear with increase in enzyme concentrations. The chromogen extract in butanol was stable even up to 48 hr. Superoxide dismutase activity, as assayed by the modified method, was in good agreement with that obtained using other methods.

/pdf/a-modified-spectrophotometric-assay-of-superoxide-dismutase-172u3lbtrw.pdf

A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase.

RETRACTED: Cyanobacterial toxins: a growing environmental concern

Comparative studies on ecotoxicology of synthetic detergents.

Pathomorphological changes in gills of fish fingerlings (Cirrhina mrigala) by linear alkyl benzene sulfonate

Incubation of freshly isolated rat liver mitochondria in the presence of oxygen free radical generating hypoxanthine —xanthine oxidase system led to swelling of mitochondria as measured by the change in optical density, which was reversed by the addition of superoxide dismutase. O2− in the presence of CaCl2 enhanced the peroxidative decomposition of mitochondrial membrane lipids along with swelling of the organelle. Free radical generation led to enhancement of monoamine oxidase activity while glutathione peroxidase and cytochrome c oxidase were inhibited. Tertbutyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) caused mitochondrial swelling through oxidative stress. Incorporation of ruthenium red, which is a Ca2+ transport blocker, during assay abolished peroxidative membrane damage and swelling. Dithiothreitol (DTT) accorded protection against t-BHP induced mitochondrial swelling. The above in vitro data suggest a possible interrelationship of active oxygen species, membrane damage and calcium dynamics.

P. N. Viswanathan

Papers

A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase.

RETRACTED: Cyanobacterial toxins: a growing environmental concern

Comparative studies on ecotoxicology of synthetic detergents.

Pathomorphological changes in gills of fish fingerlings (Cirrhina mrigala) by linear alkyl benzene sulfonate

Interrelation of active oxygen species, membrane damage and altered calcium functions.