Prevalsensi penderita hiperusemia cenderung meningkat dalam beberapa dekade. Obat golongan xantin oksidase inhibitor digunakan untuk hiperurisemia. Citrus aurantium merupakan sumber flavonoid, dimana flavonoid utamanya hesperetin dan naringenin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui interaksi molekuler senyawa flavonoid utama C. aurantium dalam menghambat kerja xantin oksidase. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode in silico dan perangkat AutoDock Vina untuk proses penambatan. Grid box yang digunakan memiliki ukuran dimensi x 26, y 26, dan z 38 dan pusat x 97.706, pusat y 104.809, pusat z 31.607. Hasil optimasi grid box dengan menambatkan ligan kontrol menghasilkan nilai rmsd 1.4338 A. Hasil penambatan molekuler menghasilkan energy Gibbs ligan hesperetin (-7.2 kkal/mol) dan ligan naringenin (-8.4 kkal/mol). Nilai tersebut lebih tinggi dari ligan kontrol dan pembanding, nilai tersebut menunjukkan interaksi kuat dan stabil sebagai inhibitor enzim xantin oksidase. Hal ini menunjukkan hesperetin dan naringenin dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan bagi penderita hiperusemia.

Potensi Fitokimia Citrus Aurantium (Hesperetin, Naringenin) Dalam Menghambat Xantin Okisidase Pada Hiperurisemia Secara In Silico

Ohta-MatSubaYaShi, Y., KataKura, H., KahOnO, S. and KiKuchi, N. 2017. A taxonomic review of the phytophagous ladybird beetles of the Diekeana alternans complex (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) with descriptions of eight new species and one new subspecies. Ins. matsum. n. s. 73: 1–37, 14 figs, 1 table, 3 online supplementary figs. A group of phytophagous ladybird beetles utilizing diverse host plants in South and Southeast Asia was reviewed as the Diekeana alternans complex. Ten species (one with two subspecies) including seven new species and one new subspecies were described or redescribed under this species complex. Diekeana hopeiana (Miyatake) was synonymized with D. grayi (Mulsant). Two other species were also incorporated into this complex based on literature information. Additionally, another species closely related to this species complex was described as new to science. Species of the D. alternans complex constituted a part of the Diekeana admirabilis group and were characterized by a “blade” situated at the apical part of penis of male genitalia. Almost all the species could be identified by the species-specific conditions of male genitalia. The species that utilize cucurbitaceous plants of the tribes Benincaseae, Sicyoeae and/or Cucurbiteae were widespread in South and Southeast Asia comprising at least four allopatric species. On the other hand, the species specialized to other taxonomic groups of host plants were localized in either Sumatra or Java with a possible exception of D. glochinosa (Pang & Mao) in South China. They often sympatrically occurred with each other or with one of the cucurbitaceous plant feeders. Authors’ addresses. Ohta-Matsubayashi, Y.: Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. Katakura, H.: The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (corresponding author: haruo_katakura@ nifty.com). Kahono, S.: Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. KiKuchi, N.: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.

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A taxonomic review of the phytophagous ladybird beetles of the Diekeana alternans complex (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) with descriptions of eight new species and one new subspecies

Papilio peranthus is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs on several islands and island groups. This beautiful butterfly is extensively traded, thus efforts to breed this species are very desirable. Captive breeding research was conducted on P. peranthus during September 2016 to December 2018. In total, 221 individuals were available for observation. Data on the life cycle of the species, together with observations on females being approached for mating, and female oviposition after mating, are presented. The result demonstrate that P. peranthus is not monogamous. Observations on other biological aspects are also reported.

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Biological aspects of papilio peranthus (lepidoptera: papilionidae) as observed at butterfly research facility - lipi, cibinong, indonesia

Ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), a fundamental saponin produced and isolated from ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), has a wide range of biological actions. The objective of this investigation was to see if ginsenoside Rb2 has any immunomodulatory properties against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression. For the positive control group, levamisole hydrochloride (LD) was used. We discovered that intraperitoneal injection of Rb2 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) could relieve CTX-induced immunosuppression by enhanced immune organ index, reduced the pathological characteristics of immunosuppression, promoted natural killer (NK) cells viability, improved cell-mediated immune response, boosted the IFN-γ (Interferon-gamma), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-2 (Interleukin-2), and IgG (Immunoglobulin G), as well as macrophage activity like carbon clearance and phagocytic index. Rb2 significantly elevated the mRNA expression of IL-4 (Interleukin-4), SYK (Tyrosine-protein kinase-SYK), IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) in the spleen of CTX-injected animals. Molecular docking results showed that Rb2 had excellent binding properties with IL-4, SYK, IL-2, TNF, and IL-6, indicating the target protein might be strongly correlated with the immunomodulatory effect of Rb2. Taken together, ginsenoside Rb2 can improve the immune function that is declined in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, the efficacy maybe due to the regulation of related cytokine and mRNA expression. Graphical Abstract

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice

The taxonomy of the subgenus Ashima of the genus Phortica is revised. A cladistic analysis of 66 morphological characters is conducted, covering 35 species (28 known and 7 new species: Phortica efragmentata sp. nov., P. andreagigoni sp. nov., P. watabei sp. nov., P. halimunensis sp. nov., P. akutsui sp. nov., P. kerinciensis sp. nov., and P. takehiroi sp. nov.) which correspond to 71.4% of 49 total spp. of Ashima. The resulting cladogram shows that the studied species are separated into several clades/subclades/cluster each highly supported with specific synapomorphies. Those clades/subclades/cluster are newly defined as the following species groups, subgroups or complex: the afoliolata, foliiseta, nigrifoliiseta and angulata species groups; the foliiseta, tanabei, nigrifoliiseta and glabra species subgroups; and the foliiseta species complex. The subgenus Ashima is peculiar in having the asymmetric male genitalia as the ground plan and showing the antisymmetry (i.e. intraspecific mirror-image variation) in some species but the directional asymmetry (i.e. side-fixed asymmetry) in others. The evolution of genital asymmetry in this subgenus is estimated by mapping the states (symmetry, directional asymmetry and antisymmetry) of bilateral structures of male genitalia on the cladogram. This ancestral state reconstruction estimates that the directional asymmetry of male genitalia has evolved at the ancestor of this subgenus and then changed to the antisymmetric state independently in two lineages, the angulata + nigrifoliiseta species groups and the foliiseta species complex. In this study, a standardized terminology recently proposed for the male terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster is extendedly adopted to describe the morphology of male terminalia in the subgenus Ashima, one group of the subfamily Steganinae.

Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species.

The Cikaniki resort is one of the most accessible research stations located in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). It is in adjacent with Citalahab village. The Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and other institutions have conducted intensive research on the fauna diversity of GHSNP from this station. Here we formulate a checklist on fauna diversity surrounding the Cikaniki Research Station and Citalahab, GHNSP from various sources, i.e. field work, museum collections (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), scientific publications, and technical report. The study was conducted from October 2019 until October 2020. The latest field work was conducted from 8-10 October 2019 under the framework of the Jungle Survival and Biological Collection Management 2019 program. In total, 821 fauna species were recorded in Cikaniki-Citalahab areas which comprises of 48 species of Mollusca, five species of Malacostraca, 523 species of Insects, 22 species of Actinopterygii, 63 species of Amphibia and Reptiles, 115 species of Aves and 45 species of Mammals. The diversity contributes 62.1% of the total 1,323 known fauna species in GHSNP. Five number of species were assigned as endangered and three species critical endangered by IUCN. In addition, 123 species were endemic to Java and 34 species protected by Regulation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia Number P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. The areas of Cikaniki and Citalahab are rich in biodiversity. Although both areas are in close intact with human activity, research and ecotourism, the need of continuously spreading awareness and enforce species and area conservation is inevitable.

https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/zoo_indonesia/article/download/4037/3278

CHECKLIST ON FAUNA DIVERSITY GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK: Cikaniki-Citalahab

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a massive worldwide concern of the 21 st century. One potential strategy to block the biochemical pathway of SARS-CoV-2 was by inhibiting the main protease (Mpro), which is a key enzyme on viral replication. Black seed ( Nigella sativa L.) has a long history for its use as a traditional medicine. Therefore, we hypothesised that the black seed contains numerous active compounds that could potentially confer inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 viral Mpro. In this study, 24 active compounds from black seed were tested. Compounds were screened using Lipinski's Rules and admetSAR, then docked to viral Mpro 7BQY by AutoDockTools-1.5.6 and AutoDock Vina using a site directed docking approach resulting in affinity energy (∆G) and binding data. We found that the most potential active compound of N. sativa is 3-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-diphenyl-1-propanone, since its affinity energy was -7.6 kCal.mol -1 . Its similarity to N3 inhibitor based on Ligplot analysis and DS were 86.7% and 76.19%, respectively, and the occupancy on binding site based on Ligplot analysis and DS were 90.91% and 81.82%, respectively. These findings can be used as a starting point for further investigation using in vitro and in vivo studies.

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Inhibitory Potential Of Black Seed (Nigella Sativa L.) Bioactive Compounds Towards Main Protease Of SARS-CoV-2 : In Silico Study

Sediaan nutricosmeceutical menjadi salah satu komoditas sumber daya hayati yang saat ini sedang berkembang dan memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Komoditas ini diprediksi akan tumbuh sebesar 5,0% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) pada rentang tahun 2017-2025 atau sekitar USD 7,93 miliar atau sekitar Rp112,67 triliun. Lendir keong darat saat ini menjadi salah satu komoditas nutricosmeceutical yang digunakan industri kecantikan dan kesehatan kulit karena khasiatnya sebagai antimikrobial, antijerawat, pelembab kulit, membantu meregenerasi sel kulit, peremajaan kulit, dan sebagainya. Lendir keong yang sudah banyak digunakan adalah dari spesies Lisachatina fulica , Hemiplecta spp. dan Helix aspersa karena sudah didukung oleh banyak penelitian dan informasi ilmiah. Indonesia sebagai negara megabiodiversity memiliki keberagaman keong darat yang tinggi, contohnya di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat ditemukan 48 spesies, di Sumatera tercatat 280 spesies dan di Jawa tercatat 205 spesies, termasuk spesies L . fulica dan beberapa spesies dari marga (genus) Elaphroconcha dan Hemiplecta . Penelitian untuk mengungkap senyawa aktif pada marga Elaphroconcha dan Hemiplecta menjadi peluang dan tantangan riset yang menarik.

http://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/psb/article/download/15900/9651

Minireview: Lendir keong darat Indonesia sebagai sediaan nutricosmeceutical: peluang dan tantangan

The trend of Heliciculture for human consumption, animal feed, medicine, and neutricosmeceutical is rising globally. To gain a better knowledge on the Heliciculture of Indonesian land snails, we studied the daily activity with a focus on feeding behavior and the feed preference of two land snail species Hemiplecta humphreysiana (HH) and Lissachatina fulica (LF). The two species were selected because of their abundancein nature, as well as to compare behavior and preference between native (HH) and invasive (LF) species. Three days of daily activity observation was conducted by using a scan animal sampling method with 5 minutes intervals towards three individuals of HH and LF. The experiment on feeding preference was conducted towards ten individuals per species in 28 days of observation (14 days each for vegetables and fruits). Each individual was placed in different rearing boxes. A multiple-choice test method was applied and consisted of two treatments i.e. vegetable treatment (pakcoy, chicory, lettuce, cabbage) and fruit treatments (mango, cucumber, melon, papaya). The nutritional value from the observed feed was also analyzed. Based on the total of 51,840 minutes of observation records, both species were generally active from 21.00-03.00. HH was more active in moving when given vegetable treatment. The species preferred to feed on cucumber, melon, lettuce, and pakcoy. LF was more active in moving and feeding when treated with fruits. The species is more adaptive when given new feed and likes all four fruits, but preferred lettuce in the vegetable treatment. Both species prefer to feed with relatively high protein, high fiber, and moderate total carbohydrate content. Providing the right feed and at the right time can support the effectiveness of Heliciculture.

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Pamungkas Rizki Ferdian

Papers

CHECKLIST ON FAUNA DIVERSITY GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK: Cikaniki-Citalahab

Inhibitory Potential Of Black Seed (Nigella Sativa L.) Bioactive Compounds Towards Main Protease Of SARS-CoV-2 : In Silico Study

Minireview: Lendir keong darat Indonesia sebagai sediaan nutricosmeceutical: peluang dan tantangan

Feeding Behavior and Preferences of Hemiplecta humphreysiana and Lissachatina fulica (Gastropoda) to Support Heliciculture in Indonesia