Luminescent Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that have emerged recently and have garnered much interest as potential competitors to conventional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition to their comparable optical properties, CQDs have the desired advantages of low toxicity, environmental friendliness low cost and simple synthetic routes. Moreover, surface passivation and functionalization of CQDs allow for the control of their physicochemical properties. Since their discovery, CQDs have found many applications in the fields of chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. This article reviews the progress in the research and development of CQDs with an emphasis on their synthesis, functionalization and technical applications along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this exciting and promising field.

Carbon quantum dots and their applications

Recent startling interest for lanthanide luminescence is stimulated by the continuously expanding need for luminescent materials meeting the stringent requirements of telecommunication, lighting, electroluminescent devices, (bio-)analytical sensors and bio-imaging set-ups. This critical review describes the latest developments in (i) the sensitization of near-infrared luminescence, (ii) “soft” luminescent materials (liquid crystals, ionic liquids, ionogels), (iii) electroluminescent materials for organic light emitting diodes, with emphasis on white light generation, and (iv) applications in luminescent bio-sensing and bio-imaging based on time-resolved detection and multiphoton excitation (500 references).

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Lanthanide luminescence for functional materials and bio-sciences

Lanthanide-based luminescent hybrid materials.

There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

The phosphor powder ZnS:Cu,Al,Au has been investigated extensively as a possible green phosphor for field emission displays (FEDs). Phosphor powders of ZnS:Cu,Al,Au have been subjected to electron bombardment (1–5 keV) at oxygen pressures ranging from 1×10−7 to 2×10−6 Torr and different electron current densities (45–58 mA cm−2). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and cathodoluminescence (CL), both excited by the same electron beam, were used to monitor changes in surface composition and luminous efficiency during electron bombardment. It was shown that the degradation rate of the CL intensity is a linear function of oxygen pressure. The interactive constant (a measure of the probability of surface reactions) and the burning parameter (a measure of the probability of CL degradation per incident electron) plotted as a function of electron beam energy follow the same trend as the electron impact ionization cross-section for an atom. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Degradation behaviour of ZnS phosphor powders under different experimental conditions

Down‐Conversion White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Microcavity Structure

A general model for alkali Auger signal decay during electron beam analysis has been developed. All previous models were based on diffusion into the bulk, but alkali ions were shown to be first converted to a new state in the solid by electron bombardment, then either diffusion or desorption could occur. Using an analytic mathematical description of these effects, the relative contribution of desorption and diffusion to decay of the Auger or desorbed ion signal were calculated. The desorption cross section of sodium was evaluated to be about 10−19 cm2 and electron stimulated desorption became important at beam current densities ≳10−3 A/cm2. Utilizing the concept of an electron‐induced surface complex, the experimental observation of an incubation time (during which the Auger signal remained constant) was explained and reasonable agreement between experimental data and model calculations was achieved.

General model of sodium desorption and diffusion during electron bombardment of glass

Ion implantation damage in silicon has been studied utilizing a new optical technique (differential reflectometry). It has been demonstrated that differential reflectometry can be used to identify whether an implanted layer is crystalline, damaged crystalline, or amorphous. The intensity of interband transitions can be used to determine the thickness of a damaged crystalline layer over a submerged amorphous layer. Interference effects were utilized to determine the thickness of an amorphous layer. Thus, differential optical reflectance has far‐reaching potential for characterizing implanted substrates.

Optical investigations of ion implant damage in silicon

Effect of deposition distance and temperature on electrical, optical and structural properties of radio-frequency magnetron-sputtered gallium-doped zinc oxide

Paul H. Holloway

Papers

Degradation behaviour of ZnS phosphor powders under different experimental conditions

Down‐Conversion White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Microcavity Structure

General model of sodium desorption and diffusion during electron bombardment of glass

Optical investigations of ion implant damage in silicon

Effect of deposition distance and temperature on electrical, optical and structural properties of radio-frequency magnetron-sputtered gallium-doped zinc oxide