Showing papers by "Phillip D. Markham published in 1986"
TL;DR: 4 dose regimens of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), a thymidine analogue with potent anti-viral activity against HTLV-III in vitro, were examined in 19 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC).
750 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hydrocortisone, a readily available, inexpensive supplement to cell culture media, can facilitate the detection and isolation of HTLV‐III and a role for corticosteroids and possibly gonadal steroids in the modulation of virus expression and/or release is suggested.
Abstract: The ability to productively infect fresh normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes with HTLV-III was improved by supplementing cell culture medium with either the gonadal steroid, chorionic gonadotropin, or insulin, and more substantially with the adrenocortical steroid, hydrocortisone. Several other sex hormones and another corticosteroid, dexamethasone, had no significant effect. In addition, the isolation of HTLV-III from lymphocytes established in culture from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex (ARC), and healthy, at-risk donors was greatly facilitated by the inclusion of hydrocortisone in cell culture media. In 13/20 primary cell cultures tested from AIDS and ARC patients from whom virus was isolated, the amount of virus produced was elevated from low to easily detectable levels in those containing hydrocortisone. In 3/20 specimens tested, virus was detected and isolated from cell cultures supplemented with hydrocortisone but was undetectable in those lacking the hormone. These experiments demonstrate that hydrocortisone, a readily available, inexpensive supplement to cell culture media, can facilitate the detection and isolation of HTLV-III. These studies, furthermore, suggest a role for corticosteroids and possibly gonadal steroids in the modulation of virus expression and/or release and suggest that the viral inductive capacity of these and other compounds should be considered as they are evaluated for clinical use.
127 citations
TL;DR: Le traitement associe devrait aussi defavoriser la selection de variants viraux resistants aux medicaments d'inhibition de l'infection par HTLV-III/LAV par une association de suramine et d'acyclovie.
Abstract: Des cellules mononucleaires de sang de donneurs normaux ou d'une lignee de cellules T humaine etablie ont ete utilisees pour evaluer l'inhibition de l'infection par HTLV-III/LAV par une association de suramine et d'acyclovie. Des associations mieux tolerees et plus faciles a obtenir in vivo pourraient influencer l'infectivite et la replication des virus. Le traitement associe devrait aussi defavoriser la selection de variants viraux resistants aux medicaments
16 citations
TL;DR: This report documented the occurrence of HTLV-III disease in non-drug-using heterosexual males and females, thus providing scientifically sound evidence for bidirectional heterosexual transmission.
Abstract: In Reply.— Because AIDS has been diagnosed almost exclusively in members of "high-risk" groups, physicians often do not consider the diagnosis of HTLV-III infection in individuals who do not belong to these risk groups. We have looked for evidence of HTLV-III infection in all patients (of either sex) presenting to our infectious disease service with the appropriate signs or symptoms and also their sexual partners. This case-finding methodology is etiologically based and epidemiologically sound. Our report documented the occurrence of HTLV-III disease in non-drug-using heterosexual males and females, thus providing scientifically sound evidence for bidirectional heterosexual transmission. Our report did not purport to define the relative risk of infection that is associated with either multiple heterosexual contacts or prostitute contacts. In a heterosexual population, we suggested that the risk of infection with HTLV-III will be more likely in individuals with multiple sexual partners or in individuals whose sexual contacts (eg,
15 citations