A powerful photocatalyst is the key for photocatalytic environmental purification via sunlight harvesting and utilization. In this work, novel boron doped Sn3O4 microspheres constructed from nanoplates were designed and fabricated. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out to investigate the boron doping mechanism, in which DFT predicted that boron doping would enhance the light harvesting capability and the photo-response of Sn3O4, which was proved by diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and transient photocurrent responses. Attributed to its unique porous structure, and enhanced light harvesting and high carrier utilization capabilities, the boron doped Sn3O4 microsphere exhibited high efficiency for Cr(IV) removal and azo dyestuff degradation. Moreover, an unexpected synergistic effect upon simultaneous removal of phenols (phenol, bisphenol A and p-chlorophenol) and Cr(VI) was observed.

The distinct role of boron doping in Sn3O4 microspheres for synergistic removal of phenols and Cr(VI) in simulated wastewater

Social Media has changed the way that individuals interact with each other - it has brought considerable benefits, yet also some challenges. Social media in anatomy has enabled anatomists all over the world to engage, interact and form new collaborations that otherwise would not have been possible. In a relatively small discipline where individuals may be working as the only anatomist in an institution, having such a virtual community can be important. Social media is also being used as a means for anatomists to communicate with the current generation of students as well as members of the public. Posting appropriate content is one of the challenges raised by social media use in anatomy. Human cadaveric material is frequently shared on social media and there is divided opinion among anatomists on whether or not such content is appropriate. This article explores the uses and challenges of social media use in the field of anatomy and outlines guidelines on how social media can be used by anatomists globally, while maintaining professional and ethical standards. Creating global guidelines has shown to be difficult due to the differences in international law for the use of human tissue and also the irregularities in acquiring informed consent for capturing and sharing cadaveric images. These nuances may explain why cadaveric images are frequently shared on social media. This article proposes that as standard practice, anatomists obtain informed consent from donors before sharing images of cadaveric material on social media and ensure posts include a statement stating the same.

https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ase.1948

Social Media Guidelines for Anatomists

The blue bottle experiment is a collective term for autoxidation reactions catalysed by redox indicators. The reactions are characterized by their repeatable cycle of colour changes when shaken/left to stand and intricate chemical pattern formation. The blue bottle experiment is studied based on calculated solution-phase half-cell reduction potential of related reactions. Our investigation confirms that the reaction in various versions of the blue bottle experiment published to date is mainly the oxidation of an acyloin to a 1,2-dicarbonyl structure. In the light of the calculations, we also propose new non-acyloin reducing agents for the experiment. These results can help guide future experimental studies on the blue bottle experiment.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.170708

A DFT investigation of the blue bottle experiment: E∘half-cell analysis of autoxidation catalysed by redox indicators

This study is aimed at evaluating the readability and quality of Wikipedia articles on pelvic floor disorders (PFD) and comparing their content with International Urogynecological Association patient education leaflets Readability was assessed using six different readability scales, including the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, which is considered superior for scoring healthcare information Quality was assessed by three female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery fellows using the modified DISCERN instrument DISCERN is validated to evaluate the quality of written consumer health information; it was subsequently modified by health education researchers to enable the evaluation of Wikipedia articles We evaluated 30 Wikipedia articles that correlated with 29 International Urogynecological Association leaflets The mean SMOG score of the Wikipedia articles was 120 ± 21 (12th-grade reading level) whereas the mean SMOG score of the International Urological Association (IUGA) leaflets was 34 ± 03 (third-grade reading level, p < 0001) The mean modified DISCERN score of the Wikipedia articles was 3443 ± 590 (moderate quality); however, the mean modified DISCERN score of the IUGA literature was 4502 ± 136 (good quality, p < 0001) Wikipedia articles on PFD are neither readable nor reliable: they require a 12th-grade-level education for comprehension and are merely rated moderate in quality In comparison, IUGA leaflets require a third-grade education for comprehension and are rated good in quality Urogynecological providers should provide appropriate health education materials to patients, as Wikipedia is both a popular and sometimes inaccurate resource for patients

Readability and quality of Wikipedia articles on pelvic floor disorders

Quantitative demonstration of chemical kinetics often requires sophisticated equipment and materials. By using inexpensive and commonly available chemicals, we propose here two clock reactions, oxygen–safranin–benzoin clock and cysteine–iodine–hydrogen peroxide clock. Students simply measure and add stock solutions to start clock reactions. Sudden discoloration or coloration of the reaction mixture marks the end of the reaction, and this can be conveniently timed. Students then complete calculations and graphing in a spreadsheet file by following common protocols. Rates of reaction are calculated from the ratio of [limiting reactant]0 and clock time. Orders of reactions and rate constants are determined by the method of initial rate. Additional discussions on topics such as catalysis, reaction mechanism, redox reaction, and pseudo-zeroth-order reaction are also possible.

Clock Reaction Revisited: Catalyzed Redox Substrate-Depletive Reactions.

The blue bottle experiment is a popular chemical demonstration because of its simplicity and visual appeal. Most papers on the topic focus on a new formulation or a new presentation, but only a few discuss pedagogical application for a full lab session. This article describes the use of this experiment in the first session of undergraduate chemistry laboratory at the Mahidol University International College. Practical activities are designed to foster critical thinking and student-centered learning during a four-hour lab session. The main theme of our teaching is scientific method. Students are encouraged to work with a peer to propose hypotheses and test them. With a series of guidances and hints from the instructor and group discussion, students can propose the reaction mechanism for the experiment without knowing the identity of the chemicals in the reaction. Procedures described in this article may be used elsewhere with minimal modification.

Blue Bottle Experiment: Learning Chemistry without Knowing the Chemicals

Forty anatomy articles were sampled from English Wikipedia and assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, each article’s edit history was analyzed by Wikipedia X-tools, references and media were counted manually, and two readability indices were used to evaluate article readability. This analysis revealed that each article was updated 8.3 ± 6.8 times per month, and referenced with 33.5 ± 24.3 sources, such as journal articles and textbooks. Each article contained on average 14.0 ± 7.6 media items. The readability indices including: (1) Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Readability Test and (2) Flesch Reading Ease Readability Formula demonstrated that the articles had low readability and were more appropriate for college students and above. Qualitatively, the sampled articles were evaluated by experts using a modified DISCERN survey. According to the modified DISCERN, 13 articles (32.5%), 24 articles (60%), 3 articles (7.5%), were rated as “good,” “moderate,” and “poor,” respectively. There were positive correlations between the DISCERN score and the number of edits (r = 0.537), number of editors (r = 0.560), and article length (r = 0.536). Strengths reported by the panel included completeness and coverage in 11 articles (27.5%), anatomical details in 10 articles (25%), and clinical details in 5 articles (12.5%). The panel also noted areas which could be improved, such as providing missing information in 28 articles (70%), inaccuracies in 10 articles (25%), and lack or poor use of images in 17 articles (42.5%). In conclusion, this study revealed that many Wikipedia anatomy articles were difficult to read. Each article’s quality was dependent on edit frequency and article length. Learners and students should be cautious when using Wikipedia articles for anatomy education due to these limitations.

The Quality and Readability of English Wikipedia Anatomy Articles

The effects of a static low-intensity electromagnetic field (EMF) on higher plants were investigated. Thai basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora) and waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina) were chosen as samples for the experiments. There were 2 methods of electromagnetic exposure, indirect exposure (applying magnetically treated water to plants) and direct exposure (plants are grown under the electromagnetic field). For the indirect exposure experiment, magnetically treated water (0.34-4.54 mT, 24 h) was applied to Thai basil seeds daily for 1 week and the experiment was repeated once. No significant difference in the heights was found between the control groups and the treated groups whether deionized or tap water was used. For the direct exposure experiment (0.28-3.83 mT), waxy corn seeds were grown between a pair of electromagnets. Two controls were grown in the absence of an extra magnetic field; 1 control group (no electromagnets (EM)) was grown at room temperature while the other control group (EM-0) was grown between a pair of electromagnets with a similar temperature to the other magnetically treated groups. The experiment was completed in 4 days and was repeated once. The results indicated that there is no height difference between the control (EM-0) and the groups grown between electromagnets; however, the controls (no EM), which were grown at room temperature were shorter compared to those grown between electromagnets. Our results suggest that the level of the applied magnetic field has no effect on the heights of the plants in this study.

Punchalee Montriwat

Papers

Blue Bottle Experiment: Learning Chemistry without Knowing the Chemicals

The Quality and Readability of English Wikipedia Anatomy Articles

Exposure of Plants to Static Electromagnetic Fields: The Early Growth of Basil and Waxy Corn