다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Hydrogen production via a two-step water splitting thermochemical cycle based on metal oxide – A review

The rising energy demand has started to overwhelm the existing power generating plants in South Africa. Also, the conventional electricity generating plants are largely responsible for the high greenhouse gas emissions recorded in the country. In an attempt to mitigate CO2 emissions and provide reliable electricity for its people, South Africa is gradually developing its renewable energy sector. This review chronicles electricity generation in South Africa from inception to date. It examines the current state of electricity generation and the development of the biomass, wind and solar energy industry in South Africa. Additionally, the growth of renewable energy technologies is discussed and recommendations are suggested on the steps that can further drive the integration of renewable energy technologies into the present energy mix of the country.

The state of renewable energy development in South Africa: An overview

The Role of Concentrated Solar Power with Thermal Energy Storage in Least-Cost Highly Reliable Electricity Systems Fully Powered by Variable Renewable Energy

The present work aims at improving the design of an energy conversion system operating on solar radiation harvesting and converting it into electricity with the help of thermopiles. Here, the major...

Parametric analysis of solar energy conversion system using parabolic concentrator and thermopile

Overview of the present-day concentrated solar energy (CSE) technologies is presented. Approaches to concentrating solar energy are reviewed and the current projects worldwide of CSE technologies are compared. This paper presents general descriptions, current projects and summary of the CSE technologies. Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) technology is found to be a mature technology. The linear Fresnel collectors (LFCs) technology is still in the experimental stage. The tower solar power (TSP) technology is preferred for large scale due to the cheapness. Sterling/dish collectors (SDCs) technology is designed especially for remote applications and has the highest overall efficiency and the highest operating temperature. The application areas show that CSE can be used in a wide variety of systems, could provide significant environmental and monetary benefits.

An overview of concentrated solar energy and its applications

Solar energy, which is available in abundant in nature, is least utilised. As per primary energy product, solar energy conversion can be of three different ways: solar fuels, solar electricity, and...

Concentrated solar energy in materials processing

In this study, “Concentrated Solar Energy (CSE)” is applied for soldering and is named as the “Concentrated Solar Energy Soldering (CSES) technique.” Lead-free solders are used for comparing novel CSES technique solder joints with CSI (Conventional Soldering Iron) solder joints. Tensile strength, bending/flexural strength, microhardness, electrical resistivity, fractography, optical microstructures, SEM microstructures, and EDS analysis were used to compare CSES solder joints with CSI solder joints. The salt spray test (SST) was used for corrosion analysis of CSES and CSI solder joints. Experimental results reveal that the tensile response, bending strength, and microhardness of the CSES solder joints were almost equal to those of the CSI solder joints. It was observed that after corrosion, the tensile strength, bending strength, and microhardness for CSES and CSI solder joints reduced. CSES solder joints were found to be slightly better than CSI solder joints for electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity for all the cases studied was found to increase slightly after corrosion. Interfacial integrity and effect of corrosion were clearly observed on CSES and CSI solder joint microstructures. The intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed in case of CSES solder joints were found to be having slightly less thickness than that of CSI solder joints. The results demonstrate CSES technique as a green technology and a potential substitute to the CSI method.

Microstructure, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties and Corrosion Analysis of Lead-Free Solder CSI Joints on Cu Substrate Using Novel Concentrated Solar Energy Soldering (CSES) Method

Pushkaraj D. Sonawane

Papers

An overview of concentrated solar energy and its applications

Concentrated solar energy in materials processing

Microstructure, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties and Corrosion Analysis of Lead-Free Solder CSI Joints on Cu Substrate Using Novel Concentrated Solar Energy Soldering (CSES) Method

Effects of gallium, phosphorus and nickel addition in lead-free solders: A review

Mechanical properties and corrosion analysis of lead-free Sn–0.7Cu solder CSI joints on Cu substrate