Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

Engineered nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases; for example, by allowing the targeted delivery of a drug to particular subsets of cells. However, so far, such nanoparticles have not proved capable of surmounting all of the biological barriers required to achieve this goal. Nevertheless, advances in nanoparticle engineering, as well as advances in understanding the importance of nanoparticle characteristics such as size, shape and surface properties for biological interactions, are creating new opportunities for the development of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications. This Review focuses on recent progress important for the rational design of such nanoparticles and discusses the challenges to realizing the potential of nanoparticles.

Strategies in the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications

Reticulophagy is a type of selective autophagy in which protein aggregate-containing and/or damaged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments are engulfed for lysosomal degradation, which is important for ER homeostasis. Several chemical drugs and mutant proteins that promote protein aggregate formation within the ER lumen can efficiently induce reticulophagy in mammalian cells. However, the exact mechanism and cellular localization of reticulophagy remain unclear. In this report, we took advantage of the self-oligomerization property of p62/SQSTM1, an adaptor for selective autophagy, and developed a novel reticulophagy system based on an ER-targeted p62 mutant to investigate the process of reticulophagy in living cells. LC3 conversion analysis via western blot suggested that p62 mutant aggregate-induced ER stress triggered a cellular autophagic response. Confocal imaging showed that in cells with moderate aggregation conditions, the aggregates of ER-targeted p62 mutants were efficiently sequestered by autophagosomes, which was characterized by colocalization with the autophagosome precursor marker ATG16L1, the omegasome marker DFCP1, and the late autophagosomal marker LC3/GATE-16. Moreover, time-lapse imaging data demonstrated that the LC3- or DFCP1-positive protein aggregates are tightly associated with the reticular structures of the ER, thereby suggesting that reticulophagy occurs at the ER and that omegasomes may be involved in this process.

Visualization of reticulophagy in living cells using an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted p62 mutant

Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics: Diagnostics and Treatment

Intrinsic optical signals imaging (IOSI) is a novel technique for functional neuroimaging in vivo, especially in the study of cortical spreading depression (CSD). At 550 nm wavelength, the optical images during CSD showed significant vasodilatation of some small arteries in the surface of cortex of rats. In order to quantify the arteries’ diameter change, two kinds of threshold segmentation methods are applied, one is Isodata algorithm thresholding, the other is Otsu’s thresholding. Firstly, we set up a simple model to prove that segmentation of the vessel in a rectangle region could be equally transferred to describe the diameter change. The two methods could automatically select right thresholds for segmentation, so they were suitable for acquiring the dynamic vasodilatation in a series of optical images by computer. Comparing with the traditional method, the new methods were more robust and with high performance. By the methods, we found the vasodilatation could be distinguished as two processes during one CSD episode, a small vasodilatation before the great one that had been commonly reported before. The hemodynamic character during CSD deserves further study. And the methods can be easily applied to the other optical imaging experiments when the vascular dynamic is concerned.

Using threshold segmentation methods to measure dynamic vasodilatation in a series of optical images

The numerical phase function calculated with Mie theory is discussed in this paper. 1) The comparison between Mie phase function and Henyey-Greenstein phase function is made. Results show that Mie phase function is of great advantage, specially, in the simulation of polarized light transport in turbid medium. 2) The equivalent phase function of phantom consisting of micro-spheres of different sizes is presented. With this discussion, the differences between numerical phase function, Henyey-Greenstein phase function, and experimental measured phase function are discussed.

Phase function of Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in turbid media

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is an inherited disease that is caused by sarcomeric protein gene mutations. The mechanism by which these mutant proteins cause disease is uncertain. Experimentally, cardiac troponin I (CTnI) gene mutations mainly alter myocardial performance via increases in the Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac contractility. In this study, we used an integrated simulation that links electrophysiology, contractile activity and energy metabolism of the myocardium to investigate alterations in myocardial contractile function and energy metabolism regulation as a result of increased Ca2+ sensitivity in CTnI mutations. Simulation results reproduced the following typical features of FHC: (1) slower relaxation (diastolic dysfunction) caused by prolonged [Ca2+]i and force transients; (2) higher energy consumption with the increase in Ca2+ sensitivity; and (3) reduced fatty acid oxidation and enhanced glucose utilization in hypertrophied heart metabolism. Furthermore, the simulation indicated that in conditions of high energy consumption (that is, more than an 18.3% increase in total energy consumption), the myocardial energetic metabolic network switched from a net consumer to a net producer of lactate, resulting in a low coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis, which is a common feature of hypertrophied hearts. This study provides a novel systematic myocardial contractile and metabolic analysis to help elucidate the pathogenesis of FHC and suggests that the alterations in resting heart energy supply and demand could contribute to disease progression.

https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/expphysiol.2011.059956

Myocardial contractile and metabolic properties of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by cardiac troponin I gene mutations: a simulation study

Qingming Luo

Papers

Visualization of reticulophagy in living cells using an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted p62 mutant

Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics: Diagnostics and Treatment

Using threshold segmentation methods to measure dynamic vasodilatation in a series of optical images

Phase function of Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in turbid media

Myocardial contractile and metabolic properties of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by cardiac troponin I gene mutations: a simulation study