A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy

A critical synthesis of thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids

Applications of ultrasound in analysis, processing and quality control of food: A review

A review on development of nanofluid preparation and characterization

Magnetic nanofluids (MNF) constitute a special class of nanofluids that exhibit both magnetic and fluid properties The interests in the use of MNF as a heat transfer medium stem from a possibility of controlling its flow and heat transfer process via an external magnetic field This review presents recent developments in this field with the aim of identifying major affecting parameters and some novel applications This review emphasizes on thermal conductivity enhancement and thermomagnetic convection in devices using MNFs as heat transfer media

Heat transfer enhancement by magnetic nanofluids—A review

This paper summarises some of our recent work on the heat transfer of nanofluids (dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles). It covers heat conduction, convective heat transfer under both natural and forced flow conditions, and boiling heat transfer in the nucleate regime. The results show that, despite considerable data scattering, the presence of nanoparticles enhances thermal conduction under macroscopically static conditions mainly due to nanoparticle structuring / networking. The natural convective heat transfer coefficient is observed to decrease systematically with increasing nanoparticle concentration, and the deterioration is partially attributed to the high viscosity of nanofluids. However, either enhancement or deterioration of convective heat transfer is observed under the forced flow conditions and particle migration is suggested to be an important mechanism. The results also show that the boiling heat transfer is enhanced in the nucleate regime for both alumina and titania nanofluids, and the enhancement is more sensitive to the concentration change for TiO(2) nanofluids. It is concluded that there is still some way to go before we can tailor-make nanofluids for any targeted applications.

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Heat Transfer Intensification Using Nanofluids

Ultrasound velocity measurements were used to measure accurately the volume fraction of crystallised material in ‘monodispersed’ (120–2440 nm) n-alkane and cocoa butter emulsions during crystallisation. The emulsions were temperature cycled, the ‘quasi’ isothermal nucleation rate determined from ultrasound velocity, and the crystallisation kinetics estimated. Emulsions were prepared using a variety of ‘emulsifiers’ (polyglycerol esters, Tween 20, Caflon phc060 and sodium caseinate). In practice, these emulsifiers behaved as stabilisers, preventing particle coalescence during collisions. The type of surfactant has a relatively small effect on the magnitude of the undercooling, which varied only a little (14.5–16.5 °C) as the emulsifier was changed, at a given particle size. On the other hand, the type of surfactant did make a significant difference to the crystallisation rate, once nucleation had been initiated. The surfactant type also altered the details of the crystallisation process. Reducing the size increased the nucleation rates dramatically in the size range studied in these experiments. It is suggested that dramatically increased droplet diffusion and collision rates are responsible for the observations in the case of droplets in the 100-nm region. In the case of polyglycerol esters, the data suggests that they formed a solution with the n-hexadecane.

Quasi‐isothermal crystallisation kinetics, non‐classical nucleation and surfactant‐dependent crystallisation of emulsions

A recent search of the literature for papers on crystallization in oil-in-water emulsions with authors who use the term ‘nano’ has generated 260 references, the first one of which appeared in 1992. The earliest papers were associated with drug delivery and pharmaceuticals. Crystallizing fats were us...

Ran Huo

Papers

Heat Transfer Intensification Using Nanofluids

Quasi‐isothermal crystallisation kinetics, non‐classical nucleation and surfactant‐dependent crystallisation of emulsions

Chapter 27:Crystallization in Monodisperse Emulsions with Particles in Size Range 20–200 nm

Crystallization in monodisperse emulsions with particles in size range 20-200 nm

A simulation study on the condensation flow and thermal control characteristics of mixed refrigerant in a dimpled tube