Vol. 9 Issue 1 pp. 000‐000 There is a growing need for integrating environmentally sound choices into supply-chain management research and practice. Perusal of the literature shows that a broad frame of reference for green supply-chain management (GrSCM) is not adequately developed. Regulatory bodies that formulate regulations to meet societal and ecological concerns to facilitate growth of business and economy also suffer from its absence. A succinct classification to help academicians, researchers and practitioners in understanding integrated GrSCM from a wider perspective is needed. Further, sufficient literature is available to warrant such classification. This paper takes an integrated and fresh look into the area of GrSCM. The literature on GrSCM is covered exhaustively from its conceptualization, primarily taking a ‘reverse logistics angle’. Using the rich body of available literature, including earlier reviews that had relatively limited perspectives, the literature on GrSCM is classified on the basis of the problem context in supply chain’s major influential areas. It is also classified on the basis of methodology and approach adopted. Various mathematical tools/techniques used in literature vis-a-vis the contexts of GrSCM are mapped. A timeline indicating relevant papers is also provided as a ready reference. Finally, the findings and interpretations are summarized, and the main research issues and opportunities are highlighted.

Green supply‐chain management: A state‐of‐the‐art literature review

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

The authors examine the implications of electronic shopping for consumers, retailers, and manufacturers. They assume that near-term technological developments will offer consumers unparalleled opportunities to locate and compare product offerings. They examine these advantages as a function of typical consumer goals and the types of products and services being sought and offer conclusions regarding consumer incentives and disincentives to purchase through interactive home shopping vis-à-vis traditional retail formats. The authors discuss implications for industry structure as they pertain to competition among retailers, competition among manufacturers, and retailer-manufacturer relationships.

Interactive home shopping: Consumer, retailer, and manufacturer incentives to participate in

Design and control of warehouse order picking: A literature review

In the last four decades the container as an essential part of a unit-load-concept has achieved undoubted importance in international sea freight transportation. With ever increasing containerization the number of seaport container terminals and competition among them have become quite remarkable. Operations are nowadays unthinkable without effective and efficient use of information technology as well as appropriate optimization (operations research) methods. In this paper we describe and classify the main logistics processes and operations in container terminals and present a survey of methods for their optimization.

Container terminal operation and operations research — a classification and literature review

Full turnover-based storage has been widely claimed to outperform the commonly used ABC class-based storage policy in terms of the resulting storage and retrieval travel time. In the first paper describing the full turnover-based policy, simultaneously implicitly assuming shared storage (that is to say storage space that can be used by other products once the original product's inventory is depleted) was modelled, since no specific space was reserved to store the maximum inventory of a product. However, full turnover-based storage is a dedicated storage policy where the storage space allocated to one product must be able to accommodate its maximum inventory level. Since then, many authors have cited the results of the full turnover-based storage policy while often overlooking its incompatible shared-storage assumption. This paper adapts classic travel time models to accommodate full turnover-based dedicated storage. We consider different warehousing system configurations such as square-in-time (SIT) and n...

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On the suboptimality of full turnover-based storage

Urban freight transport has many sustainable aspects. It contributes to economic vitality and the competitiveness of a region. However, the less socially and environmentally friendly effects such as noise, pollutant emissions, and nuisance, are usually the central theme in designing urban freight transport policies. Restricting policies as time access restrictions and vehicle restrictions gain popularity among Dutch local authorities. More than half of the municipalities uses time access restrictions. In spite of the popularity of these policy measures, the effects on the distribution of retailers, the environment and the transport costs are not known yet. In this paper we present three case studies of food retailers, in order to examine the effects of time access restrictions and vehicle weight restrictions. We discuss the impacts on the transport costs and the distribution processes (on the retailer’s side) and the environmental impacts. To find these effects we design five scenarios, in which we vary the length of time access restrictions, the allowed weight of the weight restriction and the number of cities in which these regulations are used. In these scenarios we adapt, based on the likely reaction of the involved food retailers, the distribution activities to fit the regulations. The results show that the vehicle weight restriction as well as the time access restrictions have a negative impact on the retailers’ transport costs. In most cases we see that the policy measures also cause an increase in the pollutant CO2 emissions that are emitted during the distribution of the goods. The time access restrictions cause a cost-increase that develops more or less convexly, as more stores are affected by this policy measure. The turning point is around 45% of the stores affected. The weight restriction causes linear cost-increase as more stores are affected. Both policy measures affect especially the roundtrips that combine multiple less than truckload orders for different stores. The policy measures have a different effect on different retailers.

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The Impacts of Time Access Restrictions and Vehicle Weight Restrictions on Food Retailers and the Environment

textIn the past thirty years the full turnover-based storage policy as described by Hausman et al. (1976, Management Science 22(6)) has been widely claimed to outperform the commonly used ABC class-based storage policy, in terms of the resulting average storage and retrieval machine travel time. In practice however, ABC storage is the dominant policy. Hausman et al. (1976) model the turnover-based policy under the unrealistic assumption of shared storage, i.e. the storage space allocated to one product can only accommodate its average inventory level; no specific space is reserved to store the maximum inventory of a product. It appears that many authors citing Hausman et al.’s results overlook this assumption and use the resulting storage and retrieval machine travel times as if it were valid for full turnover-based storage. Full turnover-based storage is a dedicated storage policy where the storage space allocated to one product must accommodate its maximum inventory level. This paper adapts the travel time model of Hausman et al. to accommodate full turnover-based dedicated storage. Surprisingly, the result of the adapted travel time model is opposite to that of Hausman et al. (1976) but, in line with practice, it supports that ABC (2- or 3-) class-based storage normally outperforms full turnover-based storage.

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On the Suboptimality of Full Turnover-Based Storage

The design of container terminal operations is complex because multiple factors affect operational performance. These factors include numerous choices for handling technology, terminal topology, an...

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Modeling and design of container terminal operations

textIn this study we consider a pick-to-pack orderpicking system, in which batches of orders are picked simultaneously from different(work) zones by a group of order pickers. After picking, the
orders are transported by a conveyor to the next station for packing. Our aim is to determine the optimal number of zones such that the overall (picking and packing) time to finish a batch is
minimized. We solve this problem by optimally assigning items to pick routes in each zone. We
illustrate the method with data taken from a distribution center of one of the largest online
retailers in the Netherlands.

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René de Koster

Papers

On the suboptimality of full turnover-based storage

The Impacts of Time Access Restrictions and Vehicle Weight Restrictions on Food Retailers and the Environment

On the Suboptimality of Full Turnover-Based Storage

Modeling and design of container terminal operations

Determining Number of Zones in a Pick-and-pack Orderpicking System