There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. Even though research focusing on ZnO goes back many decades, the renewed interest is fueled by availability of high-quality substrates and reports of p-type conduction and ferromagnetic behavior when doped with transitions metals, both of which remain controversial. It is this renewed interest in ZnO which forms the basis of this review. As mentioned already, ZnO is not new to the semiconductor field, with studies of its lattice parameter dating back to 1935 by Bunn [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 47, 836 (1935)], studies of its vibrational properties with Raman scattering in 1966 by Damen et al. [Phys. Rev. 142, 570 (1966)], detailed optical studies in 1954 by Mollwo [Z. Angew. Phys. 6, 257 (1954)], and its growth by chemical-vapor transport in 1970 by Galli and Coker [Appl. Phys. ...

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-of-zno-materials-and-devices-21a3zjadem.pdf

A comprehensive review of zno materials and devices

Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties

Zinc oxide is a unique material that exhibits semiconducting and piezoelectric dual properties. Using a solid–vapour phase thermal sublimation technique, nanocombs, nanorings, nanohelixes/nanosprings, nanobelts, nanowires and nanocages of ZnO have been synthesized under specific growth conditions. These unique nanostructures unambiguously demonstrate that ZnO probably has the richest family of nanostructures among all materials, both in structures and in properties. The nanostructures could have novel applications in optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and biomedical sciences. This article reviews the various nanostructures of ZnO grown by the solid–vapour phase technique and their corresponding growth mechanisms. The application of ZnO nanobelts as nanosensors, nanocantilevers, field effect transistors and nanoresonators is demonstrated.

/pdf/zinc-oxide-nanostructures-growth-properties-and-applications-8d5hcz3lg8.pdf

Zinc oxide nanostructures: growth, properties and applications

Temporal characterization of fundamental plasma parameters in pulsed liquid electrode plasma (LEP) optical emission spectrometry

The growth of (001)-textured, biaxially-aligned yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) intermediate layers on amorphous or randomly-oriented polycrystalline substrates is desirable for subsequent YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) c-axis thin film growth. Laser deposition of YSZ on polycrystalline metal substrates (Haynes Alloy #230) in 1.0 millitorr oxygen at 70°C produces partial (001) texture but no alignment of in-plane axes. Highly-textured biaxially-aligned layers are obtained by using an ion beam to assist growth. Similar layers are obtained on amorphous silica and polycrystalline alumina substrates. The effects of ion-beam parameters including incident angle, source gas, and beam voltage and current are presented. Highly c-axis-oriented, biaxially-aligned YBCO thin films have been deposited in situ on these YSZ layers, with Tc(R=0) ~ 92K and JC(77K) = 6 × 105 A/cm2. Angular magnetoresistance data shows a dip in resistance with magnetic field normal to the film, in contrast to films grown epitaxially on single crystal substrates, which have maximum resistance with field normal.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1946427400550684

Biaxially-Textured YBa2Cu3O7–x Thin Film Growth on Polycrystalline and Amorphous Substrates Using Ion Assisted Laser Deposition of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Intermediate Layers

This paper reviews the research program at LBL studying direct radiant heating for the production of fuels and chemicals. The research is investigating the use of gas-particle suspensions to absorb concentrated sunlight to supply energy for endothermic chemical reactions. The goal of the research is to understand the optical, thermodynamic, and chemical processes in solar heated particle suspensions through a balanced program of analytical and experimental investigations. The use of small particles as solar absorbers is discussed and spectral extinction efficiencies are calculated from Mie theory for various particle sizes. An equation for calculating the heat transfer from a particle to the surrounding gas at arbitrary Knudsen number is developed. The experimental section outlines the current laboratory studies of direct radiant heating that utilizes a high intensity radiant source to simulate concentrated sunlight. Some preliminary experimental results are presented.

https://escholarship.org/content/qt5w3839bf/qt5w3839bf.pdf?t=p0lm2f

Solar radiant processing of gas-particle systems for producing useful fuels and chemicals

Plasma Development During Picosecond Laser Processing of Electronic Materials

A SENSOR FOR LASER ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MOVING PAPER P. Ridgway 1 , R. Russo 1 , E. Lafond 2 , T. Jackson 2 , X. Zhang 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA, 94720; 2 Institute of Paper Science and Technology at Georgia Tech, 500 10 th St. N.W., Atlanta, GA 30332- ABSTRACT. An automated, non-contact, non-destructive sensor has been developed for measurement of sheet flexural and shear rigidity in paper manufacturing. It was tested on a pilot web handler at web speeds up to 25.4 m/s. A model equation was fitted to the frequency dependence of the phase velocity of A o mode Lamb waves. Ultrasound was generated in paper with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and detected with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupled with a scanning mirror/timing system to compensate for paper motion. INTRODUCTION In Laser Ultrasonics (LUS), also known as laser-based ultrasonics, acoustic waves are generated in a material with a pulsed laser. These acoustic waves are monitored with a laser-based detector, usually a form of interferometer [1], without physical contact to the sample, to measure one or more of its physical properties. In this work, plate (Lamb) waves [2] are detected several millimeters from the generation point as they move along the sheet. A diagram of this system is shown in Figure 1. Lamb Waves induced by excitation laser pulse FIGURE 1. System for laser ultrasonic analysis of paper.

/pdf/a-sensor-for-laser-ultrasonic-measurement-of-elastic-2xazs130hh.pdf

Richard E. Russo

Papers

Temporal characterization of fundamental plasma parameters in pulsed liquid electrode plasma (LEP) optical emission spectrometry

Biaxially-Textured YBa2Cu3O7–x Thin Film Growth on Polycrystalline and Amorphous Substrates Using Ion Assisted Laser Deposition of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Intermediate Layers

Solar radiant processing of gas-particle systems for producing useful fuels and chemicals

Plasma Development During Picosecond Laser Processing of Electronic Materials

A Sensor for Laser Ultrasonic Measurement of Elastic Properties of Moving Paper