Richard L. McCormick

TL;DR: The fragmented ownership of rights to intellectual property (IP) in agricultural biotechnology leads to situations where no single public-sector institution can provide a complete set of IP rights to ensure freedom to operate with a particular technology as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: For example, this article pointed out that "some historians have seen progressivism as dichotomous: alongside the individualist, antibusiness strain of reform stood an equally combative, anti-individualist, and anti-business strain." But all of this evidence would probably fail to persuade historians today that the old textbook scenario for progressivism is correct.

TL;DR: Following the mass political parties from their emergence in the 1820s and 1830s to their transformation almost a century later, each of these essays discusses the nature of governance and clarifies the economic policies of promotion, distribution, and, later, regulation that characterized government functions at every level.

TL;DR: The most important determinants of voting behavior in the American past have been the ethnic and religious identifications of citizens as discussed by the authors, which has been identified as one of the most salient factors in American political history.

TL;DR: The lack of consensus on a periodizing framework for American political history has been identified as one of the major obstacles to the study of political history as discussed by the authors, which is the main cause of the current crisis in political history.