Showing papers in "The American Historical Review in 1981"
584 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the early Middle Ages and the Triumph of Ganymede: Gay Literature of the High Middle Ages, and conclude that social change: Making Enemies, Intellectual Change: Men, Beasts, and "Nature" are the main drivers of social change.
Abstract: Illustrations Abbreviations Preface 1: Introduction 2: Definitions 3: Rome: The Foundation 4: The Scriptures 5: Christians and Social Change 6: Theological Traditions 7: The Early Middle Ages 8: The Urban Revival 9: The Triumph of Ganymede: Gay Literature of the High Middle Ages 10: Social Change: Making Enemies 11: Intellectual Change: Men, Beasts, and "Nature" 12: Conclusions App. 1: Lexicography and Saint Paul App. 2: Texts and Translations Frequently Cited Works Index of Greek Terms General Index
581 citations
371 citations
201 citations
TL;DR: A. P. Taylor assured his listeners, “Nobody in Europe believes in the American way of life, that is, in private enterprise; or rather those who believe in it are a defeated party and a party which seems to have no more future than the Jacobites in England after 1688.” Taylor proved to be wrong, or at least premature about the end of private enterprise as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This chapter was originally drafted during tenure of a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities to pursue research on the United States and European reconstruction after World War II. Earlier versions benefited from conversation with Duke University colleagues as well as from discussion at seminars at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Princeton University, Harvard University, and the European Studies Center at the University of Chicago, and at Werner Conze's seminar for social and economic history at Heidelberg. A semi-final draft was presented as a paper at the Ninety-Third Annual Meeting of the American Historical Association, held in San Francisco, December 1978.1 am grateful to Leonard Krieger, Richard Kuisel, and Carl Schorske for their comments at that session. The version reprinted here is especially indebted to the suggestions of Professor Kuisel, the subsequent critiques by the anonymous referees for the American Historical Review , and the comments of Patrick Fridenson of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris. I have not reproduced here the comments by Charles P. Kindleberger and Stephen Schuker that were published along with the original article, nor my rebuttal. Broadcasting over the BBC in November 1945, A. J. P. Taylor assured his listeners, “Nobody in Europe believes in the American way of life – that is, in private enterprise; or rather those who believe in it are a defeated party and a party which seems to have no more future than the Jacobites in England after 1688.” Taylor proved to be wrong, or at least premature, about the end of private enterprise. The question here is why, at least in Western Europe, there was less transformation than he envisaged.
158 citations
TL;DR: The development of iron metallurgy and technology is studied in Iran, Central Andes, Mediterranean, Europe, Western Iran, Africa, Southeast Asia as discussed by the authors, and the Middle East.
Abstract: Development of iron metallurgy and technology. Studies on definite areas: Iran, Central Andes, Mediterranean, Europe, Western Iran, Africa, Southeast Asia. Comparison with lead and copper development.
146 citations
115 citations
TL;DR: For example, this article pointed out that "some historians have seen progressivism as dichotomous: alongside the individualist, antibusiness strain of reform stood an equally combative, anti-individualist, and anti-business strain." But all of this evidence would probably fail to persuade historians today that the old textbook scenario for progressivism is correct.
Abstract: ALMOST ANY HISTORY TEXTBOOK that covers the Progressive era and was written at least twenty years ago tells how early-twentieth-century Americans discovered how big business interests were corrupting politics in quest of special privileges and how an outraged people acted to reform the perceived evils. Commonly, the narrative offers ample anecdotal evidence to support this tale of scandal and reform. The autobiographies of leading progressives-including Theodore Roosevelt, Robert M. La Follette, William Allen White, Frederic C. Howe, and Lincoln Steffens, among others-are frequently cited, because all of them recounted the purported awakening of their authors to the corrupt politico-business alliance.' Muckraking journalism, not only by Steffens but also by David Graham Phillips, Charles E. Russell, Ray Stannard Baker, and numerous others, is often drawn upon too, along with evidence that the magazines for which they wrote achieved unprecedented circulation. Political speeches, party platforms, and newspaper editorials by the hundreds are also offered to buttress the contention that Americans of the early 1900s discovered the prevalence of illicit business influence in politics and demanded its removal. But all of this evidence would probably fail to persuade historians today that the old textbook scenario for progressivism is correct. And for good reason. Every prominent interpretation of the Progressive movement now encourages us not to take the outcry against politico-business corruption too seriously. Some historians have seen progressivism as dichotomous: alongside the individualist, antibusiness strain of reform stood an equally
103 citations
TL;DR: This article focused on the children of Eastern European immigrants who settled in Manhattan, looking at the modified synagogues, philanthropic organizations, and other associations organized by second-generation Jews in New York.
Abstract: Focuses on the children of Eastern European immigrants who settled in Manhattan, looking at the modified synagogues, philanthropic organizations, and other associations organized by second-generation Jews in New York.
101 citations
101 citations
TL;DR: The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press as discussed by the authors, and these editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions.
Abstract: In this comprehensive study of the Modern School movement, Paul Avrich narrates its history, analyzes its successes and failures, and assesses its place in American life. In doing so, he shows how the radical experimentation in art and communal living as well as in education during this period set the precedent for much of the artistic, social, and educational ferment of the 1960's and I970's. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
TL;DR: In most narratives, the barbarians of the invasion period are identified as a matter of course with the Germanic peoples as discussed by the authors, and this perception is obviously true inasmuch as barbarians are, by definition, foreigners.
Abstract: If the physical law of inertia applies to historical developments, then perhaps the Roman Empire was legitimately destined for eternity, and those who know that it did not endure are bound to ask what interrupted its tranquil course through the ages. As Gibbon implied, Toynbee affirmed, and everyone else widely believes, they epitomized the "external" dimension of the fall of the empire. This perception is obviously true inasmuch as barbarians are, by definition, foreigners. The role played by foreigners, however objection able Sulpicius's account of it may be, is as much an internal one as if, instead, the strife of domestic factions had undermined the state. In most narratives, the barbarians of the invasion period are identified as a matter of course with the Germanic peoples. However correct this identification may be in a scheme of linguistic classification, the collectivity of Germans is a historical anachronism if transposed to the sixth century or earlier.
TL;DR: In this article, a broad intellectual and cultural study of a main theme in 19th-century American art -landscape painting -is presented, with emphasis on the importance of science, spiritualism, evangelism, the sublime and transcendentalism.
Abstract: This is a broad intellectual and cultural study of a main theme in 19th-century American art - landscape painting. It examines the ways - popular, philosophical, ethical and aesthetic - in which Americans of that period saw their landscape, with emphasis on the importance of science, spiritualism, evangelism, the sublime and transcendentalism. This edition is updated with a new preface.
TL;DR: An essay on the causes and character of America's present predicament along with a few thoughts about an alternative can be found in this paper, where the authors also discuss the role of women in the present predicament.
Abstract: An essay on the causes and character of America's present predicament along with a few thoughts about an alternative.
TL;DR: Collingwood as discussed by the authors discusses the idea of history as the history of thought and the Re-enactment of past thought in his book "The History of Thought: From Realism to Idealism".
Abstract: 1. Introduction.- 1.1 Collingwood's Reception.- 1.2 Collingwood's Development.- 1.3 Design of the Book.- One.- 2. The Development of Collingwood's Thought on History.- 2.1 From Religion and Philosophy to Speculum Mentis.- 2.2 Collingwood and Realism.- 2.3 History: From Realism to Idealism.- 2.4 History and Science.- 2.5 History as Process.- 3. The Idea of History and its Discussion.- 3.1 The Philosophy of History in Collingwood's Later Years.- 3.2 The Idea of History.- 3.3 The Discussion of The Idea of History.- 3.3.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2 All History is the History of Thought.- 3.3.3 Objective Conditions.- 3.3.4 The Intuitive Version of the Re-enactment Doctrine.- 3.3.5 History as the Re-enactment of Past Thought.- 3.3.6 Explanation and Understanding.- 3.3.7 Generalizations.- 3.3.8 Historical Objectivity.- Two.- 4. Collingwood's Unpublished Manuscripts.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 History and Realism: The Writings Before 1926.- 4.3 "Preliminary Discussion" (1927).- 4.4 Lectures on the Philosophy of History (1926).- 4.3 Outlines of a Philosophy of History (1928).- 4.6 Collingwood's Development.- 4.7 Lectures on the Philosophy of History: 1928-'32.- 4.8 Realty as History (1935).- 4.9 Notes on the History of Historiography and Philosophy of History (1936).- 4.10 Notes on Historiography (1938-'39).- 4.11 Folklore (1936-'37).- 4.12 Metaphysics and Cosmology (1933-'34).- 5. Collingwood as an Archaeologist and Historian.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Archaeology.- 5.2.1 Scientific Excavation.- 5.2.2 Excavations.- 5.2.3 The Archaeology of Roman Britain (1930).- 5.2.4 Planning of Research.- 5.3 Hadrian's Wall.- 5.3.1 Introduction.- 5.3.2 The Purpose of the Roman Wall (1921).- 5.3.3 Hadrian's Wall: A History of the Problem (1921,1931).- 5.3.4 Hadrian's Wall and Theory.- 5.4 History of Roman Britain.- 5.4.1 Roman Britain (1923, 1932).- 5.4.2 Roman Britain and the English Settlements (1936).- 5.4.3 Other Writings.- Three.- 6. The Historical Object.- 6.1 Action.- 6.2 Collingwood's Philosophy of Mind.- 6.3 Historical Process.- 7. Historical Method.- 7.1 History as a Science.- 7.2 Evidence.- 7.3 Question and Answer.- 7.4 Intuition.- 8. Some Controversial Issues.- 8.1 Past and Present.- 8.2 History as the Re-enactment of Past Thought.- 8.3 Corporate Mind.- 8.4 "Unconscious" Action.- 8.5 Causality and Objective Conditions.- 8.6 General Knowledge.- 8.7 Explanation and Understanding.- 8.8 Historical Objectivity.- 9. History and other Sciences.- 9.1 History and Natural Science.- 9.2 History and the Social Sciences.- 10. History and Practice.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Psychology.- 10.3 The Use of History.- Notes.- Appendices.- II. Lectures given by R. G. Collingwood.- III. Reports by R. G. Collingwood to the Faculty of Literae Humaniores.- IV. Letters from R. G. Collingwood.- Bibliographies.- I. List of manuscripts of R. G. Collingwood.- II. Works by R. G. Collingwood.- III. Reviews of works by R. G. Collingwood.- IV. Works by others.- Indices.- I. Subjects.- II. Names.
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed knowledge of the literary sources and on his own experience of warfare in Alexander's native country, Professor Hammond presents a compellingpicture of Alexander in his public life as king, commander and statesman.
Abstract: Within the span of thirteen years, Alexander the Great changed the faceof the world more decisively and with more long-lasting effects thanany other statesman has ever done. It is therefore no surprise thatthere has been, and still is, so much debate about both his personalityand his achievement. The great merit of Professor Hammond's biographyis that, with impressive mastery of the evidence, he sets the recordstraight between the extremes of romantic hero worship on the one handand scholarly demolition on the other. Based on his detailed knowledgeof the literarysources and on his own experience of warfare inAlexander's native country, Professor Hammond presents a compellingpicture of Alexander in his public life as king, commander andstatesman. This revised biography includes new material and extensivereference to literary sources.