Richard N. Zare

TL;DR: A background to investigators new to stealth nanoparticles is presented, and some key considerations needed prior to designing a nanoparticle PEGylation protocol and characterizing the performance features of the product are suggested.

TL;DR: High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of surface textures and internal structures of selected carbonate globules show that the globules contain fine-grained, secondary phases of single-domain magnetite and iron sulfides.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present diagnostic techniques based on optical emission spectroscopy and cavity ring-down Spectroscopy for atmospheric pressure plasmas under conditions ranging from thermal and chemical equilibrium to thermochemical nonequilibrium.

Abstract: The Yen–Mullins model, also known as the modified Yen model, specifies the predominant molecular and colloidal structure of asphaltenes in crude oils and laboratory solvents and consists of the following: The most probable asphaltene molecular weight is ∼750 g/mol, with the island molecular architecture dominant. At sufficient concentration, asphaltene molecules form nanoaggregates with an aggregation number less than 10. At higher concentrations, nanoaggregates form clusters again with small aggregation numbers. The Yen–Mullins model is consistent with numerous molecular and colloidal studies employing a broad array of methodologies. Moreover, the Yen–Mullins model provides a foundation for the development of the first asphaltene equation of state for predicting asphaltene gradients in oil reservoirs, the Flory–Huggins–Zuo equation of state (FHZ EoS). In turn, the FHZ EoS has proven applicability in oil reservoirs containing condensates, black oils, and heavy oils. While the development of the Yen–Mullin...

TL;DR: A method is reported for creating hybrid organic-inorganic nanoflowers using copper (II) ions as the inorganic component and various proteins as the organic component to exhibit enhanced enzymatic activity and stability compared with the free enzyme.