Richard V. Milani

TL;DR: The adverse effects of obesity on CV disease risk factors and its role in the pathogenesis of various CV diseases are summarized, the obesity paradox and potential explanations for these puzzling data are reviewed, and a discussion regarding the current state of weight reduction in the prevention and treatment of CV diseases is discussed.

TL;DR: CPX offers the clinician the ability to obtain a wealth of information beyond standard exercise electrocardiography testing that when appropriately applied and interpreted is underutilized by the practicing clinician.

TL;DR: The evidence from retrospective epidemiologic studies and from large randomized controlled trials showing the benefits of omega-3 PUFA, specifically EPA and DHA, in primary and secondary CV prevention and insight into potential mechanisms of these observed benefits are discussed.

TL;DR: Data from epidemiological and ET studies in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease and heart failure, strongly support the routine prescription of ET to all patients and referrals for patients with cardiovascular diseases to specific cardiac rehabilitation and ET programs.

TL;DR: The obesity paradox in CV diseases is reviewed, where overweight and at least mildly obese patients with most CV diseases seem to have a better prognosis than do their leaner counterparts, and the potential value of purposeful weight loss and increased physical activity to affect levels of fitness is reviewed.