Showing papers by "Richard W. Siegel published in 1999"
TL;DR: Evidence is provided of the ability of nanophase alumina and titania to simulate material characteristics of physiological bone that enhance protein interactions (such as adsorption, configuration, bioactivity, etc.) and subsequent osteoblast adhesion.
890 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an ultrasonic method was used to disperse the nanoparticles in epoxy, thus eliminating the need for solvent without sacrificing the ease of processing, and composites were processed at the 5, 10, 15 and 20 weight percent level and were characterized by SEM, tensile tests and scratch tests.
283 citations
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a series of books to cover as much of the subject matter as possible, from physics and chemistry to biology and medicine, and from basic science to applications.
Abstract: Nanostructure science and technology now forms a common thread that runs through all physical and materials sciences and is emerging in industrial applications as nanotechnology. The breadth of the subject material is demonstrated by the fact that it covers and intertwines many of the traditional areas of physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Within each main topic in this field there can be many subfields. For example, the electrical properties of nanostructured materials is a topic that can cover electron transport in semiconductor quantum dots, self-assembled molecular nanostructures, carbon nanotubes, chemically tailored hybrid magnetic-semiconductor nanostructures, colloidal quantum dots, nanostructured superconductors, nanocrystalline electronic junctions, etc. Obviously, no one book can cope with such a diversity of subject matter. The nanostructured material system is, however, of increasing significance in our technology-dominated economy and this suggests the need for a series of books to cover recent developments. The scope of the series is designed to cover as much of the subject matter as possible – from physics and chemistry to biology and medicine, and from basic science to applications. At present, the most significant subject areas are concentrated in basic science and mainly within physics and chemistry, but as time goes by more importance will inevitably be given to subjects in applied science and will also include biology and medicine. The series will naturally accommodate this flow of developments in the sciences and technology of nanostructures and maintain its topicality by virtue of its broad emphasis. It is important that emerging areas in the biological and medical sciences, for example, not be ignored as, despite their diversity, developments in this field are often interlinked. The series will maintain the required cohesiveness from a judicious mix of edited volumes and monographs that while covering subfields in depth will also contain more general and interdisciplinary texts. Thus the series is planned to cover in a coherent fashion the developments in basic research from the distinct viewpoints of physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science and also the engineering technologies emerging from this research. Each volume will also reflect this flow from science to technology. As time goes by, the earlier series volumes will then serve as reference texts to subsequent volumes.
259 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanophase grain size of 23 nm and a conventional grain size (177 nm) of 177 nm was synthesized and evaluated for mechanical and cytocompatibility properties.
126 citations
31 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the status of research and development in nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, and nanodevices worldwide, with particular focus on comparisons between the United States and other leading industrialized countries.
Abstract: : This report reviews the status of research and development in nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, and nanodevices worldwide, with particular focus on comparisons between the United States and other leading industrialized countries. Topics covered include particle synthesis and assembly, dispersions and coatings of nanoparticles, high surface area materials, functional nanoscale devices, bulk behavior of nanostructured materials, and biological methods and applications. The final chapter is a review of related government funding programs around the world. The report also includes site reports for visits conducted by the panel to leading research laboratories in Japan and Europe. The panel held workshops in the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Russia to gather additional information for this report on activities in those countries. The proceedings of the U.S. and Russia workshops are being published separately by WTEC. The panel's conclusions include the following: (1) In the synthesis and assembly area (Chapter 2), the U.S. appears to be ahead with Europe following and then Japan; (2) In the area of biological approaches and applications (Chapter 7), the U.S. and Europe appear to be rather on a par with Japan following; (3) In nanoscale dispersions and coatings (Chapter 3), the U.S. and Europe are again similar with Japan following; (4) For high surface area materials (Chapter 4), the U.S. is clearly ahead of Europe and then Japan; (5) In the nanodevices area (Chapter 5), Japan seems to be leading quite strongly with Europe and the U.S. following; In the area of consolidated materials (Chapter 6), Japan is a clear leader with the U.S. and Europe following. These and other conclusions are reviewed in detail in the panel's executive summary.
117 citations
Patent•
10 Jun 1999TL;DR: In this paper, a nanoparticles having a particle size in the range of 1-100 nm and a narrow particle size distribution have been used to improve tensile properties and scratch resistance.
Abstract: Polymer resins incorporating nanoparticles having a particle size in the range of 1-100 nm and a narrow particle size distribution have improved tensile properties and scratch resistance.
79 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the state of the art in the field of Nanotechnology in the World, focusing on the following areas: Synthesis and Assembly, Dispersions and Coatings, High Surface Area Materials, and Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured Materials.
Abstract: Foreword. Table of Contents. Executive Summary. 1. Introduction and Overview R.W. Siegel. 2. Synthesis and Assembly E.L. Hu, D.T. Shaw. 3. Dispersions and Coatings J. Mendel. 4. High Surface Area Materials D.M. Cox. 5. Functional Nanoscale Devices H. Goronkin, et al. 6. Bulk Behavior of Nanostructured Materials C. Koch. 7. Biologically Related Aspects of Nanoparticles, Nanostructured Materials, and Nanodevices L. Jelinski. 8. Research Programs on Nanotechnology in the World M.C. Roco. Appendices.
56 citations
13 Oct 1999
TL;DR: In this article, osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and formation of calcium-containing mineral deposits is enhanced on nanocrystalline (grain sizes less than 100 nm) hydroxyapatite (HA), the major inorganic constitutent of physiological bone.
Abstract: Osteoblast (bone-forming cells) adhesion, proliferation and formation of calcium-containing mineral deposits is enhanced on ceramics (such as alumina and titania) of grain sizes less than 100 nm. Conventional hydroxyapatite (HA), the major inorganic constitutent of physiological bone, has been shown to enhance osteoblast function. The present in vitro study, the first of its kind, investigated osteoblast function (specifically, adhesion and proliferation) on nanocrystalline (that is, grain sizes less than 100 nm) HA. Osteoblast adhesion as well as proliferation were significantly (p<0.01) greater on nanocrystalline (50 nm grain size) than on conventional (250 nm grain size) HA at all time periods tested. Since enhanced osteoblast function undoubtedly contributes to greater biomaterial bonding to juxtaposed bone (an event that will aid in the clinical success of orthopaedic/dental implants), the improved cytocompatibility properties of nanocrystalline HA should be considered when designing biomaterials of the future.
8 citations