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Using Multivariate Statistics

Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

A frequent problem in computational modeling is the interconversion of chemical structures between different formats. While standard interchange formats exist (for example, Chemical Markup Language) and de facto standards have arisen (for example, SMILES format), the need to interconvert formats is a continuing problem due to the multitude of different application areas for chemistry data, differences in the data stored by different formats (0D versus 3D, for example), and competition between software along with a lack of vendor-neutral formats. We discuss, for the first time, Open Babel, an open-source chemical toolbox that speaks the many languages of chemical data. Open Babel version 2.3 interconverts over 110 formats. The need to represent such a wide variety of chemical and molecular data requires a library that implements a wide range of cheminformatics algorithms, from partial charge assignment and aromaticity detection, to bond order perception and canonicalization. We detail the implementation of Open Babel, describe key advances in the 2.3 release, and outline a variety of uses both in terms of software products and scientific research, including applications far beyond simple format interconversion. Open Babel presents a solution to the proliferation of multiple chemical file formats. In addition, it provides a variety of useful utilities from conformer searching and 2D depiction, to filtering, batch conversion, and substructure and similarity searching. For developers, it can be used as a programming library to handle chemical data in areas such as organic chemistry, drug design, materials science, and computational chemistry. It is freely available under an open-source license from http://openbabel.org
 .

/pdf/open-babel-an-open-chemical-toolbox-2c5goscrz3.pdf

Open Babel: An open chemical toolbox

This study describes trends in reports of pertussis in South Australia. Data were analysed from thr ee sources: mortality data since 1893 from South Australian yearbooks, notification data from 1917, and hospit a lisation data for pertussis or related complications since July 1985. Crude and age-specific rates of mortality, notifications and hospitalisation were compared. Pertussis peaked in 3 to 5 yearly cycles. The mortality and notification rates have generally declined over time. However, since 1993 the notification rate has remained high. The me d ian age for pertussis notifications increased from 4 years in 1984 to 15 years in 1996. Serological testing for pertussis was included in 15% of notifications in 1985 and 90% in 1996. The age specific hospitalisation rate f or pertussis was highest in infants ≤ 6 months. Since the turn of the century, mortality and notification rates due to pertussis have declined. Over the past decade the major burden of severe disease resulting in hospitalisation has been borne by infants ≤ 6 months. These infants are too young to be afforded protection from three primary immunisations against pertussis. Despite no substantial increase in mortality nor hospitalisation for pertussis in South Australia, the notification rate has remained high since 1993. This increase may be attributable to the use o f more sensitive tests for pertussis, such as serology.

/pdf/pertussis-in-south-australia-1893-to-1996-20xi64ed1m.pdf

Pertussis in South Australia 1893 to 1996.

A case is presented of spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect after surgical banding of the pulmonary artery. The arterial banding was performed to prevent the development of irreversible pulmonary hypertension. Closure of the ventricular defect was unexpected and unprecedented. Mechanisms of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects have been reviewed and speculations offered regarding the relation of pulmonary arterial banding to this process.

Spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect after banding of the pulmonary artery.

Traditional hot air drying of asparagus is known to lead to a powder with a poor aroma profile We here concentrated asparagus juice into asparagus concentrate (217% w/w) and spray-dried it with maltodextrin DE12 as carrier agent to improve the volatile profiles of asparagus powder and to valorise fresh asparagus sidestreams We performed headspace GC-MS with untargeted metabolomics to assess the overall metabolite profile of the spray-dried asparagus powders and identified 70 volatile compounds The maltodextrin content was positively correlated to the retention of an asparagus key odorant 1-octen-3-ol, as well as other alcohols and aldehydes Nevertheless, drying conditions had limited effect on the volatile retention of the powders Moreover, higher outlet temperatures increase the presence of volatiles that were formed during drying, such as 3-methylthio- propanal From our analyses, it was further found that an increased concentration of maltodextrin was correlated to a lower moisture content, a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and a narrower size distribution of the spray-dried powders The Tg of all powders was described with the Gordon-Taylor equation for multicomponent mixtures, and we found a minimum weight fraction of 067 (w/dw) maltodextrin required to obtain glassy asparagus powder for storing at ambient conditions

Maltodextrin improves physical properties and volatile compound retention of spray-dried asparagus concentrate

Classic ophiolites, as exemplified by the Troodos Massif in Cyprus and the Papuan Ultramafic Belt in eastern New Guinea, are large overthrust masses which are generally associated with large positive gravity anomalies. However, similar rocks occurring in extensive fragmented terranes which have also been described as ophiolitic do not produce large gravity effects. The eastern part of the island of Halmahera, in northeastern Indonesia, is an ophiolite of this latter type. On the two eastern arms of the island, a Mesozoic ophiolitic basement is overlain by, and imbricated with, Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene arc volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Bouguer gravity values are generally in the range +50 to +150 mGal and are characterised by steep local gradients indicative of shallow sources. The Bouguer gravity average suggests that the crust is at least 20 km thick, and it must be even thicker if a significant part of the anomalous gravity field is due to the presence of a cold and therefore dense, lithospheric slab within the asthenosphere, associated with the present-day subduction beneath Halmahera. The absence of any exposures of continental basement rocks or of quartzose sediments in eastern Halmahera suggests that these ophiolites have not been overthrust onto continental crust and that the thickening occurred in an intraoceanic island arc. The Paleogene arc was evidently characterised by volcanism occurring over an unusually wide area. In this it resembles the Izu-Bonin volcanic arc, which, like Halmahera, has been situated at the margin of the Philippine Sea Plate throughout its history. The gravity field of the Halmahera ophiolite is comparable with that of the Bonin volcanic arc, but there is no Halmahera parallel to the very high gravity fields recorded over the Bonin Islands forearc ridge. The equivalents of this part of the Paleogene arc may be represented by the ophiolitic complexes now distributed along the northern margin of the orogenic belt in New Guinea.

Robert Hall

Papers

Pertussis in South Australia 1893 to 1996.

Spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect after banding of the pulmonary artery.

Maltodextrin improves physical properties and volatile compound retention of spray-dried asparagus concentrate

Gravity fields in eastern Halmahera and the Bonin Arc: Implications for ophiolite origin and emplacement

Oligocene-Miocene drainage evolution of NW Borneo: Stratigraphy, sedimentology and provenance of Tatau-Nyalau province sediments