We will review some of the major results in random graphs and some of the more challenging open problems. We will cover algorithmic and structural questions. We will touch on newer models, including those related to the WWW.

Random graphs

MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

/pdf/matpower-steady-state-operations-planning-and-analysis-tools-1v40ihity5.pdf

MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

The Smart Grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this article, we survey the literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the Smart Grid. We explore three major systems, namely the smart infrastructure system, the smart management system, and the smart protection system. We also propose possible future directions in each system. colorred{Specifically, for the smart infrastructure system, we explore the smart energy subsystem, the smart information subsystem, and the smart communication subsystem.} For the smart management system, we explore various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, profiling demand, maximizing utility, reducing cost, and controlling emission. We also explore various management methods to achieve these objectives. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the Smart Grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the Smart Grid.

/pdf/smart-grid-the-new-and-improved-power-grid-a-survey-4jypbbgv3j.pdf

Smart Grid — The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey

The increasing interest in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major issues and challenges in microgrid control are discussed, and a review of state-of-the-art control strategies and trends is presented; a general overview of the main control principles (e.g., droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems) is also included. The paper classifies microgrid control strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the microgrid itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the microgrid and the host grid. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature.

Trends in Microgrid Control

Smart Grid - The New and Improved Power Grid:

This paper proposes a methodology for choosing the best transmission system expansion plan considering expected stand-by cost based on probabilistic approach under security criterion constraint. Long-term grid expansion planning problem includes many uncertainties of network. The method in this paper describes a model of security probability considered stand-by cost of generators in objective function. Security probability is defined as level of uncertainties of contingency elements. Furthermore, the proposed method minimizes total cost including the investment cost as well as operating cost and probabilistic stand-by cost of generators for constructing new transmission lines subject to (N-�. ) contingency security criteria, which are essentially extended () ,

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/4075697/4075698/04075961.pdf

Transmission System Expansion Planning Considering Expected Stand-by Cost Based on

The theory used by economists to support restructuring of the electric power industry has ignored several important technological constraints and public goods that affect the way in which power is delivered. Similarly, engineers, by using security-constrained optimization to incorporate the demand for reliability, have failed to properly define the economic problem. In this two-part paper we attempt to remedy the deficiencies of both the economists approach and the security-constrained optimization approach through a collaboration of economists and engineers to examine the theoretical properties of a networked power system that provides optimal resource allocation.

Efficient Market Design and Public Goods, Part I: Economic Models

PSERC is a multi-university research consortium that currently includes eleven universities and some forty companies from the electric power industry. The Center operates under a National Science Foundation grant and includes in its list of members the US Department of Energy (DoE) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). It is a collaboratory of university, industry and government people interested in solving current problems facing the electric power industry. PSERC is especially interested in technical problems associated with the new institutional arrangements that are occurring under a restructured industry. The Center is researching issues such as how to simulate power systems under bidding (offers), how to quantify planning and operational limits, how to operate a power system reliably and securely while increasing competitive interplay, how to implement and operate needed information networks, operation under an ISO, an RTO, or other possible scenarios. PSERC is a university-industry collaboration addressing challenges facing the new electric power industry as it restructures to a competitive business environment.

The Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC)

Worldwide energy markets have been on a path toward deregulation for several decades. These markets have proven to be difficult to design and run because of their repetitive nature and the externalities provided by reliable grid operation. In a deregulated market environment, our experiments suggest that market participants will pursue their own profit-maximizing objective rather than use an objective that reflects social benefit. Multiagent simulation is useful for gaining insights into market participant behavior under various rules. In this way, market rules can be tested for efficacy and efficiency. In this paper, an agent based on a double-layer diffusion model developed elsewhere is tested and its effectiveness reported

/pdf/a-diffusion-model-based-supply-side-offer-agent-2on15hnd8c.pdf

A Diffusion-Model-Based Supply-Side Offer Agent

Problems such as price volatility have been observed in electric power markets. Demand-side participation is often offered as a potential solution by promising to increase market efficiency when hockey-stick type offer curves are present. However, individual end-consumer will surely value electricity differently, which makes demand-side participation as a group and at a bus difficult. In this paper demand is categorized into two groups: one that highly values reliability and the other that does not. The two types are modeled separately and a new optimal bidding function is developed and tested based on this model.

/pdf/an-agent-based-optimal-bidding-function-m08iq1orbl.pdf

Robert J. Thomas

Papers

Transmission System Expansion Planning Considering Expected Stand-by Cost Based on

Efficient Market Design and Public Goods, Part I: Economic Models

The Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC)

A Diffusion-Model-Based Supply-Side Offer Agent

An Agent-Based Optimal Bidding Function