다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Researchers demonstrate the ability to multiplex and transfer data between twisted beams of light with different amounts of orbital angular momentum — a development that provides new opportunities for increasing the data capacity of free-space optical communications links.

/pdf/terabit-free-space-data-transmission-employing-orbital-47zsgn5cdx.pdf

Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing

Topological photonics is a rapidly emerging field of research in which geometrical and topological ideas are exploited to design and control the behavior of light. Drawing inspiration from the discovery of the quantum Hall effects and topological insulators in condensed matter, recent advances have shown how to engineer analogous effects also for photons, leading to remarkable phenomena such as the robust unidirectional propagation of light, which hold great promise for applications. Thanks to the flexibility and diversity of photonics systems, this field is also opening up new opportunities to realize exotic topological models and to probe and exploit topological effects in new ways. This article reviews experimental and theoretical developments in topological photonics across a wide range of experimental platforms, including photonic crystals, waveguides, metamaterials, cavities, optomechanics, silicon photonics, and circuit QED. A discussion of how changing the dimensionality and symmetries of photonics systems has allowed for the realization of different topological phases is offered, and progress in understanding the interplay of topology with non-Hermitian effects, such as dissipation, is reviewed. As an exciting perspective, topological photonics can be combined with optical nonlinearities, leading toward new collective phenomena and novel strongly correlated states of light, such as an analog of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Topological Photonics

We explore the superposition of beams carrying different LG modes located on different frequencies to control the wave packet's spatiotemporal structures in simulation. Dependence of its rotating helical envelope on the mode and frequency spectra is analyzed. © 2019 The Author(s)

Generating a Twisted Spatiotemporal Wave Packet Using Coherent Superposition of Structured Beams with Different Frequencies

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the surface plasmon polaritons supported by a metal-dielectric nanocomposite film have properties that fall into one of three distinct categories depending on the metal fill fraction.

/pdf/surface-plasmon-polaritons-on-metal-dielectric-nanocomposite-q42gu5pbnh.pdf

Surface plasmon polaritons on metal-dielectric nanocomposite films

Summary form only given. We experimentally investigate SBS in polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber with square optical pulses having a duration short compared to the fiber transit time, and show that just above threshold, SBS is generated over the entire length of the fiber. We also present measurements of the SBS threshold for pulse durations short compared to the SBS phonon lifetime (/spl sim/16 ns) and show detailed measurements of the pulse distortion on the pulse transmitted through the fiber.

Transient stimulated Brillouin scattering dynamics in polarization maintaining optical fiber

34th Winter colloquium on the physics of quantum electronics

We propose a single-shot scheme to measure the orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) spectrum of a partially coherent field. We first test the scheme for a known field, and then use it to measure the OAM spectrum of the signal-idler field from parametric down-conversion with Schmidt number K = 82.1.

Robert W. Boyd

Papers

Generating a Twisted Spatiotemporal Wave Packet Using Coherent Superposition of Structured Beams with Different Frequencies

Surface plasmon polaritons on metal-dielectric nanocomposite films

Transient stimulated Brillouin scattering dynamics in polarization maintaining optical fiber

34th Winter colloquium on the physics of quantum electronics

Single-shot measurement of the orbital-angular-momentum spectrum of light