Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established This study reviews several of the most commonly used inductive teaching methods, including inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching The paper defines each method, highlights commonalities and specific differences, and reviews research on the effectiveness of the methods While the strength of the evidence varies from one method to another, inductive methods are consistently found to be at least equal to, and in general more effective than, traditional deductive methods for achieving a broad range of learning outcomes

Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases

https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa48788/Download/0048788-10022019003706.pdf

Artificial intelligence for decision making in the era of Big Data – evolution, challenges and research agenda

The aim of this study is to provide an overview the state-of-the-art elements of text classification. For this purpose, we first select and investigate the primary and recent studies and objectives in this field. Next, we examine the state-of-the-art elements of text classification. In the following steps, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the related works. Herein, we describe six baseline elements of text classification including data collection, data analysis for labelling, feature construction and weighing, feature selection and projection, training of a classification model, and solution evaluation. This study will help readers acquire the necessary information about these elements and their associated techniques. Thus, we believe that this study will assist other researchers and professionals to propose new studies in the field of text classification.

A recent overview of the state-of-the-art elements of text classification

Focus on Durability, PATH Research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology | NIST

This chapter contains sections titled: 2.1 Introduction, 2.2 Agent Communications, 2.3 Agent Interaction Protocols, 2.4 Societies of Agents, 2.5 Conclusions, 2.6 Exercises, 2.7 References

Multiagent Systems and Societies of Agents

Hadiths are important textual sources of law, tradition, and teaching in the Islamic world. Analyzing the unique linguistic features of Hadiths (e.g. ancient Arabic language and story-like text) results to compile and utilize specific natural language processing methods. In the literature, no study is solely focused on Hadith from artificial intelligence perspective, while many new developments have been overlooked and need to be highlighted. Therefore, this review analyze all academic journal and conference publications that using two main methods of artificial intelligence for Hadith text: Hadith classification and mining. All Hadith relevant methods and algorithms from the literature are discussed and analyzed in terms of functionality, simplicity, F-score and accuracy. Using various different Hadith datasets makes a direct comparison between the evaluation results impossible. Therefore, we have re-implemented and evaluated the methods using a single dataset (i.e. 3150 Hadiths from Sahih Al-Bukhari book). The result of evaluation on the classification method reveals that neural networks classify the Hadith with 94 % accuracy. This is because neural networks are capable of handling complex (high dimensional) input data. The Hadith mining method that combines vector space model, Cosine similarity, and enriched queries obtains the best accuracy result (i.e. 88 %) among other re-evaluated Hadith mining methods. The most important aspect in Hadith mining methods is query expansion since the query must be fitted to the Hadith lingo. The lack of knowledge based methods is evident in Hadith classification and mining approaches and this absence can be covered in future works using knowledge graphs.

Hadith data mining and classification: a comparative analysis

We modeled the CBR technique of forensic autopsy report preparation.The CBR model was coupled with Naive Bayes learner for feature weight learning and also the outcome prediction.Feature weight learning improves the CBR system accuracy.The outcome prediction is improved with Naive Bayes prediction. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is one of the matured paradigms of artificial intelligence for problem solving. CBR has been applied in many areas in the commercial sector to assist daily operations. However, CBR is relatively new in the field of forensic science. Even though forensic personnel have consciously used past experiences in solving new cases, the idea of applying machine intelligence to support decision-making in forensics is still in its infancy and poses a great challenge. This paper highlights the limitation of the methods used in forensics compared with a CBR method in the analysis of forensic evidences. The design and development of an Intelligent Forensic Autopsy Report System (I-AuReSys) basing on a CBR method along with the experimental results are presented. Our system is able to extract features by using an information extraction (IE) technique from the existing autopsy reports; then the system analyzes the case similarities by coupling the CBR technique with a Naive Bayes learner for feature-weights learning; and finally it produces an outcome recommendation. Our experimental results reveal that the CBR method with the implementation of a learner is indeed a viable alternative method to the forensic methods with practical advantages.

An application of case-based reasoning with machine learning for forensic autopsy

Towards knowledge modeling and manipulation technologies

Adaptive support within a learning environment is useful because most learners have different personal characteristics such as prior knowledge, learning progress, and learning preferences. This study reviews various implementation of adaptive feedback, based on the four adaptation characteristics: means, target, goal, and strategy. This review focuses on 20 different implementations of feedback in a computer-based learning environment, ranging from multimedia web-based intelligent tutoring systems, dialog-based intelligent tutoring systems, web-based intelligent e-learning systems, adaptive hypermedia systems, and adaptive learning environment. The main objective of the review is to compare computer-based learning environments according to their implementation of feedback and to identify open research questions in adaptive feedback implementations. The review resulted in categorizing these feedback implementations based on the students' information used for providing feedback, the aspect of the domain or pedagogical knowledge that is adapted to provide feedback based on the students' characteristics, the pedagogical reason for providing feedback, and the steps taken to provide feedback with or without students' participation. Other information such as the common adaptive feedback means, goals, and implementation techniques are identified. This review reveals a distinct relationship between the characteristics of feedback, features of adaptive feedback, and computer-based learning models. Other information such as the common adaptive feedback means, goals, implementation techniques, and open research questions are identified.

Adaptive feedback in computer-based learning environments

Research in natural language processing has increasingly focused on normalizing Twitter messages. Currently, while different well-defined approaches have been proposed for the English language, the problem remains far from being solved for other languages, such as Malay. Thus, in this paper, we propose an approach to normalize the Malay Twitter messages based on corpus-driven analysis. An architecture for Malay Tweet normalization is presented, which comprises seven main modules: (1) enhanced tokenization, (2) In-Vocabulary (IV) detection, (3) specialized dictionary query, (4) repeated letter elimination, (5) abbreviation adjusting, (6) English word translation, and (7) de-tokenization. A parallel Tweet dataset, consisting of 9000 Malay Tweets, is used in the development and testing stages. To measure the performance of the system, an evaluation is carried out. The result is promising whereby we score 0.83 in BLEU against the baseline BLEU, which scores 0.46. To compare the accuracy of the architecture with other statistical approaches, an SMT-like normalization system is implemented, trained, and evaluated with an identical parallel dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that we achieve higher accuracy by the normalization system, which is designed based on the features of Malay Tweets, compared to the SMT-like system.

Rohana Mahmud

Papers

Hadith data mining and classification: a comparative analysis

An application of case-based reasoning with machine learning for forensic autopsy

Towards knowledge modeling and manipulation technologies

Adaptive feedback in computer-based learning environments

An architecture for Malay Tweet normalization