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Advanced polymeric/inorganic nanohybrids: An integrated platform for gas sensing applications.

NO2 is an oxidizing gas, which is considered to be the most dangerous and most toxic gas that should be controlled. Because of the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, stability and fast response/recovery speed, the chemical resistance sensor is used as a NO2 gas sensor. This article reviews the NO2 gas sensor based on metal oxides. Firstly, the hazards of NO2 and the major disadvantages of chemiresistive sensors based on metal oxides were discussed. Then, different sensitive materials of chemical resistance sensors were discussed, including metal oxides (MO), conductive polymers and carbon-based materials. Finally, the NO2 gas sensors based on metal oxide (including ZnO, NiO, CuO, SnO2, WO3) were discussed from the aspects of morphology, preparation method, modification, doping and composite. 

Metal Oxide Gas Sensors For Detecting NO2 in Industrial Exhaust Gas: Recent Developments

Experimental and theoretical analysis of simultaneous removal of methylene blue and tetracycline using boron nitride nanosheets as adsorbent

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Simultaneous Removal of Methylene Blue and Tetracycline using Boron Nitride Nanosheets as Adsorbents

Advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology have contributed to the design of tools that can be used to control, reuse, modify, and re-engineer cells’ structure, as well as enabling engineers to effectively use biological cells as programmable substrates to realize Bio-NanoThings (biological embedded computing devices). Bio-NanoThings are generally tiny, non-intrusive, and concealable devices that can be used for in-vivo applications such as intra-body sensing and actuation networks, where the use of artificial devices can be detrimental. Such (nano-scale) devices can be used in various healthcare settings such as continuous health monitoring, targeted drug delivery, and nano-surgeries. These services can also be grouped to form a collaborative network (i.e., nanonetwork), whose performance can potentially be improved when connected to higher bandwidth external networks such as the Internet, say via 5G. However, to realize the IoBNT paradigm, it is also important to seamlessly connect the biological environment with the technological landscape by having a dynamic interface design to convert biochemical signals from the human body into an equivalent electromagnetic signal (and vice versa). This, unfortunately, risks the exposure of internal biological mechanisms to cyber-based sensing and medical actuation, with potential security and privacy implications. This paper comprehensively reviews bio-cyber interface for IoBNT architecture, focusing on bio-cyber interfacing options for IoBNT like biologically inspired bio-electronic devices, RFID enabled implantable chips, and electronic tattoos. This study also identifies known and potential security and privacy vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies for consideration in future IoBNT designs and implementations.

A Systematic Review of Bio-Cyber Interface Technologies and Security Issues for Internet of Bio-Nano Things

In this work, we report unique hybrid composite film fabricated with the amalgamation of metal, semiconductor and polymers for hydrogen sensing application at room temperature. Fabrication of a novel nanocomposite film based on tin oxide (SnO2) nanosheets with polyaniline (PANI) doped with palladium (Pd) is performed using the hydrothermal synthesis technique. Functional aspects of the fabricated films are investigated with XRD, Raman spectra, FESEM, and FTIR spectral analysis. Interactions of the H2 gas molecules with SnO2, SnO2-Pd, PANI, PANI-SnO2, PANI-SnO2-Pd nanocomposite are also theoretically studied. Using first-principles density functional theory, the effects of gas adsorption on the electronic and transport properties of the sensor are examined. The computations show that the sensitivity of the SnO2 to the H2 gas molecules is considerably improved after hybridisation with Pd and, the sensitivity of the PANI to the H2gas molecules is considerably improved after hybridisation with SnO2.Gas sensing characteristics of fabricated films of SnO2, PANI and composite of SnO2/PANI/Pd are also experimentally investigated at room temperature with varying concentration level ranging from 50 to 400 ppm. The highest sensitivity among all the films at room temperature has been observed as ~540% for the SnO2/Pd film at 0.4% of the target gas and performance factor (the ratio of response percentage to total cycle time) is evaluated highest in Pd doped PANI-SnO2 film. Our results reveal the promising future of SnO2, PANI and Pd associated hybrid films in the development of ultra-high sensitive gas sensors.

Room temperature hydrogen sensing with Polyaniline/SnO2/Pd Nanocomposites

In the present work, we report an excellent gas sensing performance of the unique nanocomposite films prepared with the help of different materials such as semiconductor metal-oxide, polymer and metal for carbon monoxide gas sensing at ambient temperature. The fabrication of SnO2/PANI/Pd nanocomposite film was performed using the hydrothermal route. The fabricated films were characterized with various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. Furthermore, DFT results are used to examine the transport and electronic properties of all prepared films. The computing results show that after hybridizing with Pd and SnO2, the response of the fabricated SnO2 and polyaniline (PANI) films to CO gas molecules is considerably improved. At room temperature, sensing characterization of the fabricated sensing films was carried out by using target gas concentrations with varying ppm level of 50–300. At ambient temperature, the SnO2/PANI/Pd film has the maximum sensitivity ~ 400.8% out of all the fabricated films at 0.3% of the target gas. Our findings show that SnO2, SnO2/Pd, PANI, and SnO2/PANI/Pd composite sensing films have a bright future in the gas sensing application with incredibly-higher sensitivity towards CO gas.

Highly sensitive, ambient temperature CO sensor using tin oxide based composites

Wireless sensing is a state-of-the-art technology of acquiring information about a remote object and its characteristics without bringing into physical contact with it. Humans have various sensory systems, viz., vision, hear, and smell to observe the object from the remote in day-to-day life. The data from the surrounding can be acquired by means of acoustic waves, distribution of forces, and electromagnetic energy. The collected data can be analyzed to obtain useful information about the object and its characteristics. Swift progress in the microelectronics has resulted in faster response and accurate mode of signal detection. Keeping the technological progress in mind, this article discusses the fundamentals aspects and reviews the state of the artwork on wireless detection technology.

Rohit Kumar Pippara

Papers

Room temperature hydrogen sensing with Polyaniline/SnO2/Pd Nanocomposites

Highly sensitive, ambient temperature CO sensor using tin oxide based composites

Wireless Sensing Systems: A Review