Alginate: properties and biomedical applications

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems

https://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/rid=1266358861321_2027852911_13457/Wound%20Healing%20Dressings%20and%20Drug%20Delivery%20Systems.pdf

Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: a review.

Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.

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Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers

Hydrogel Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

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Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles.

To evaluate the pharmacological activity of insulin-loaded alginate/chitosan nanoparticles following oral dosage in diabetic rats. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic pre-gelation of an alginate core followed by chitosan polyelectrolyte complexation. In vivo activity was evaluated by measuring the decrease in blood glucose concentrations in streptozotocin induced, diabetic rats after oral administration and flourescein (FITC)-labelled insulin tracked by confocal microscopy. Nanoparticles were negatively charged and had a mean size of 750 nm, suitable for uptake within the gastrointestinal tract due to their nanosize range and mucoadhesive properties. The insulin association efficiency was over 70% and insulin was released in a pH-dependent manner under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Orally delivered nanoparticles lowered basal serum glucose levels by more than 40% with 50 and 100 IU/kg doses sustaining hypoglycemia for over 18 h. Pharmacological availability was 6.8 and 3.4% for the 50 and 100 IU/kg doses respectively, a significant increase over 1.6%, determined for oral insulin alone in solution and over other related studies at the same dose levels. Confocal microscopic examinations of FITC-labelled insulin nanoparticles showed clear adhesion to rat intestinal epithelium, and internalization of insulin within the intestinal mucosa. The results indicate that the encapsulation of insulin into mucoadhesive nanoparticles was a key factor in the improvement of its oral absorption and oral bioactivity.

/pdf/alginate-chitosan-nanoparticles-are-effective-for-oral-2t4a2ymwmb.pdf

Alginate/chitosan nanoparticles are effective for oral insulin delivery.

https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/10566/1/Oral%20Bioavailability%20of%20Insulin%20Contained%20in%20Polysaccharide%20Nanoparticles.pdf

Oral bioavailability of insulin contained in polysaccharide nanoparticles.

Sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor with alginate beads.

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Ronald J. Neufeld

Papers

Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles.

Alginate/chitosan nanoparticles are effective for oral insulin delivery.

Oral bioavailability of insulin contained in polysaccharide nanoparticles.

Sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor with alginate beads.

Nanoencapsulation II. Biomedical applications and current status of peptide and protein nanoparticulate delivery systems