S. Apatenkov

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use four-point magnetic field measurements to estimate electric current density; the current sheet spatial scale is estimated by integration of the translation velocity calculated from the magnetic field temporal and spatial derivatives, and the local normal-related coordinate system for each case is defined by combining Minimum Variance Analysis (MVA) and the curlometer technique.

TL;DR: In this article, a very thin current sheet along the North-South direction embedded within an Earthward-propagating flow burst was observed to be a complicated kinetic-scale plasma structure that combines a number of small-scale elements (Bz drops, thin current sheets, LH cavities, injection fronts).

TL;DR: In this article, the substorm current wedge was developed to explain the magnetic signatures observed on the ground and in geosynchronous orbit during substorm expansion, and new observations, including radar and low altitude spacecraft, MHD simulations, and theoretical considerations have tremendously ad-vanced our understanding of this system.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the first THEMIS substorm observations, captured during instrument commissioning on March 23, 2007 and demonstrate the importance of multi-point observations there and the quality of the THEMIS instrumentation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic field and electric current configurations during rapid crossings of the current sheet observed in July-October 2001 at geocentric distances of 19 RE were analyzed using four-point magnetic field measurements by the Cluster spacecraft.