Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of the synthesis methodology and mechanism of formation.

Graphene-based functional nanomaterials for biomedical and bioanalysis applications

Herein, a facile green synthesis route was reported for the synthesis of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites using potato residue by simple and cost effective combustion route and investigated the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. In the preparation potato extract functioned as a biogenic reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the reduction of Ag + , thus eliminating the need for conventional reducing/stabilizing agents. Ag-ZnO nanocomposites with different Ag mass fractions ranging from 2 to 10% were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed that the as prepared Ag-ZnO nanocomposites possessed high crystallinity with hexagonal wurtzite structure. TEM and SEM images showed that the Ag-ZnO nanocomposites in size ranging from 15 to 25 nm have been obtained, and the particle size was found to increase with the increase in percentage of Ag. FTIR results confirmed the characteristics band of ZnO along with the Ag bands. XPS analysis revealed a pair of doublet with peaks corresponding to Ag and a singlet with peaks corresponding to ZnO. With the increase of concentration of Ag in ZnO, the intensity of NBE emission in the PL spectra was observed to be decrease, resulted to the high photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic properties of Ag-ZnO nanocomposites evaluated against the MB dye under visible-light irradiation showed superior photodegradation of ~ 96% within 80 min for 2% Ag-ZnO nanocomposites. The apparent reaction rate constant for 2% Ag-ZnO nanocomposites was higher than that of other nanocomposites, which proved to be the best photocatalyst for the maximum degradation of MB. Furthermore, various functional parameters such as dosing, reaction medium, concentration variation were performed on it for better understanding. The enhancement in photocatalytic degradation might be due to the presence of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO by minimizing the recombination of photo induced charge carriers in the nanocomposites.

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Facile one-pot green synthesis of Ag-ZnO Nanocomposites using potato peeland their Ag concentration dependent photocatalytic properties.

In view of their unique characteristics and properties, silver nanomaterials (Ag NMs) have been used not only in the field of nanomedicine but also for diverse advanced catalytic technologies. In this comprehensive review, light is shed on general synthetic approaches encompassing chemical reduction, sonochemical, microwave, and thermal treatment among the preparative methods for the syntheses of Ag-based NMs and their catalytic applications. Additionally, some of the latest innovative approaches such as continuous flow integrated with MW and other benign approaches have been emphasized that ultimately pave the way for sustainability. Moreover, the potential applications of emerging Ag NMs, including sub nanomaterials and single atoms, in the field of liquid-phase catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis as well as a positive role of Ag NMs in catalytic reactions are meticulously summarized. The scientific interest in the synthesis and applications of Ag NMs lies in the integrated benefits of their catalytic activity, selectivity, stability, and recovery. Therefore, the rise and journey of Ag NM-based catalysts will inspire a new generation of chemists to tailor and design robust catalysts that can effectively tackle major environmental challenges and help to replace noble metals in advanced catalytic applications. This overview concludes by providing future perspectives on the research into Ag NMs in the arena of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.

Silver nanomaterials: synthesis and (electro/photo) catalytic applications

One-pot synthesis of Cu–TiO2/CuO nanocomposite: Application to photocatalysis for enhanced H2 production, dye degradation & detoxification of Cr (VI)

The preparation of zinc oxide and silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using zinc nitrates and silver nitrates as oxidizers and Azadirachta indica gum as a fuel via solution combustion method at 500 °C. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, SEM and TEM studies; these materials were tested for photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity studies. The PXRD data indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles confirmed as hexagonal phase with average crystallite size of 13.33 and 13.34 nm for ZnO and Ag–ZnO respectively. The SEM data revealed that, the material obtained is highly porous and honeycomb like structure. In the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, Ag–ZnO nanoparticles have shown the good photocatalytic activity than undoped ZnO nanoparticles. This is due to the presence of Ag on the surface of ZnO catalyst makes the catalyst more sensitive to light and reduce the electron hole recombination. Furthermore, we have also examined the photoluminescence studies for the synthesized materials and it has given the green emission by excitation at 380 nm. In this study, the green synthesis method will produces large quantity of nanomaterials with less time and low cost.

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Highly porous, honeycomb like Ag–ZnO nanomaterials for enhanced photocatalytic and photoluminescence studies: green synthesis using Azadirachta indica gum

Uniform deposition of silver dots on sheet like BiVO4 nanomaterials for efficient visible light active photocatalyst towards methylene blue degradation

Facile combustion synthesis of Ag2O nanoparticles using cantaloupe seeds and their multidisciplinary applications

Objectives: Synthesis of new 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(5-phenyl-4 H -1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) quinoline and its derivatives for antiproliferative potential against cancer cells. Methods: The general methods were employed for the synthesis and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1 H - NMR, 13 C - NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity was performed by 3-(4,5- di methyl thiazol -2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and molecular docking study were performed by Auto Dock Tools. In silico Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET) study for the drug, likeliness was carried out on ACD/lab-2. Results: The compound 3l showed 44, 44, 38 and 37 % inhibition against MCF - 7, HepG2, Colo205 and HeLa cell lines, respectively; whereas, the compounds 3i and 3j exhibited 49 and 42 % inhibition against MCF - 7 cell line. The molecular docking study revealed that the compound 3i has the lowest binding energy ( - 8.60 Kcal mol -1 ), suggesting to be potentially best inhibitor of Glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). The in silico ADME analysis also revealed that compound 3i does not violate any of the Lipinski rules of five and has the best stimulative human colonic absorption up to 95 %. Conclusion: The study reveals that the compounds containing benzofuran coupled nitrogen heterocycles are essential for activity as they possess excellent drug - like characteristics.

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Antiproliferative, adme and potential in silico g6pdh inhibitory activity of novel 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(5-phenyl-4h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) quinoline derivatives

Objective: Synthesis and antiproliferative study of novel 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoline 7(a-j) derivatives. Methods: 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl) quinolines were synthesized by the addition of 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoline (0.01 mol), piperidine (0.01 mol) in DMF (10 v) and K2CO3 (0.02 mol). The anticancer activity of the title compounds performed against T-47D, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines growth was investigated by MTT assay. Results: The compounds 7b and 7g exhibited 90% of the growth inhibitory effect on T-47D, HeLa, and MCF-7 and also 80% growth inhibition in HepG2 when compared with standard drug paclitaxel. Conclusion: The synthesized compounds 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoline 7(a-j) exhibited a considerable degree of growth inhibition of human cancer cell lines. The synthesized molecules 7(a-j) are in acceptable range and are less toxic and can be considered as possible hits for drug discovery.

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S. Harishkumar

Papers

Highly porous, honeycomb like Ag–ZnO nanomaterials for enhanced photocatalytic and photoluminescence studies: green synthesis using Azadirachta indica gum

Uniform deposition of silver dots on sheet like BiVO4 nanomaterials for efficient visible light active photocatalyst towards methylene blue degradation

Facile combustion synthesis of Ag2O nanoparticles using cantaloupe seeds and their multidisciplinary applications

Antiproliferative, adme and potential in silico g6pdh inhibitory activity of novel 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(5-phenyl-4h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) quinoline derivatives

Antiproliferative and in silico admet study of new 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-2- (thiophen-2-yl) quinoline analogues