Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning (ML) is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficult-to-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms (e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.) that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore, nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.

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Machine learning in geosciences and remote sensing

Detection of plant leaf diseases using image segmentation and soft computing techniques

A critical review of soil moisture measurement

Field Crops Research

Soil stabilization is a technique to improve the engineering and geotechnical properties of soils such as mechanical strength, permeability, compressibility, durability and plasticity. Much has been learned about soil stabilization techniques and additives over the past century. The state of the practice in stabilization techniques and challenges is presented with a discussion. Moreover, available studies regarding the effects of various types of stabilizing agents on the engineering and geotechnical properties of stabilized soils are reviewed here. These stabilizing agents include both calcium-based and non-calcium-based additives. Eco-friendly additives as alternative materials to conventional stabilizing agents are also discussed in this paper. In addition, the problems associated with the presence of disruptive salts and sulfate as well as the techniques to overcome these problems in soil stabilization projects are reviewed.

Soil and clay stabilization with calcium- and non-calcium-based additives: A state-of-the-art review of challenges, approaches and techniques

Investigation of cracking and water availability of soil-biochar composite synthesized from invasive weed water hyacinth.

An integrated SRM-multi-gene genetic programming approach for prediction of factor of safety of 3-D soil nailed slopes

The knowledge of unsaturated soil is indispensable for several hydrological and geoenvironmental problems such as permeation of water through vadoze zone, ground water recharge, and deciding irriga...

Critical Review on the Parameters Influencing Soil-Water Characteristic Curve

Experiments were conducted to measure the suction of a locally available silty soil and commercially available white clay, using a Dewpoint PotentiaMeter ~WP4!. The results were used to develop the soil-water characteristic curves ~SWCCs!, for these soils and evaluating various fitting functions, in high suction ranges. Efforts have also been made to demonstrate the influence of the soil type and dry unit weight on the soil suction. The study brings out the observation that dry unit weight has negligible influence on the soil suction and parameters effecting SWCC.

Parameters affecting soil-water characteristic curves of fine-grained soils

Soil suction constitutes of the matric suction and the osmotic suction. Several studies have been conducted and reported by researchers that reveal the importance of the matric suction on unsaturated soil properties. However, not many efforts have been made to develop methodologies that can be employed for measuring osmotic suction of the soil and to understand its influence on unsaturated soil properties. With this in view, efforts were made to utilize the results of the pressure membrane extractor (PME) and the dewpoint potentiameter (WP4), which measure matric and total suction of the soil, respectively. Details of the methodology developed to achieve this are presented in this technical note.

S. Sreedeep

Papers

Investigation of cracking and water availability of soil-biochar composite synthesized from invasive weed water hyacinth.

An integrated SRM-multi-gene genetic programming approach for prediction of factor of safety of 3-D soil nailed slopes

Critical Review on the Parameters Influencing Soil-Water Characteristic Curve

Parameters affecting soil-water characteristic curves of fine-grained soils

Methodology for determination of osmotic suction of soils