Showing papers by "Sarah Grogan published in 2013"
TL;DR: Findings suggest that interventions based on the appearance-damaging effects of UV exposure, and the positive effects of sun protection, may have a role in health promotion.
Abstract: Objectives:
A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to identify and review research examining the impact of appearance-based interventions on sun protection intentions and/or ultraviolet (UV) exposure behaviour.
Methods:
A search of 16 databases including PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge was conducted to identify studies examining the impact of appearance-based interventions on reducing UV exposure and/or increasing sun protection intentions and behaviours. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria, and these studies were subjected to a systematic review and meta-analyses to determine the effectiveness of the interventions.
Results
Interventions used a variety of techniques including UV technology and photoaging information. Study design and outcome measures varied. The research indicated that appearance-based interventions have a positive effect on UV exposure and sun protection intentions and behaviour.
Conclusions:
Findings suggest that interventions based on the appearance-damaging effects of UV exposure, and the positive effects of sun protection, may have a role in health promotion. It is concluded that there is a need for further research incorporating a wider range of participants, and using qualitative and mixed methods designs.
Statement of contribution:
What is already known on the subject? Recreational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are the primary causes of all melanomas, leading to skin cancer. A previous systematic review (Dodd & Forshaw, ) looking at the efficacy of appearance-focussed interventions in skin cancer prevention, suggested that there were significant effects for UV protection behaviour after such interventions.
What does this study add? An up-to-date systematic review of studies that has carried out appearance-based interventions to reduce UV exposure and/or increase sun protection intentions and behaviours. A meta-analysis of data providing statistical evidence indicating that appearance-based interventions have a positive effect on UV exposure and sun protection intentions and behaviour.
84 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that these women had a complicated relationship with clothes fit and sizing and used well-fitting clothes to increase body confidence, cover perceived flaws, and to try to attain a slender hourglass look.
55 citations
TL;DR: Many factors are involved in patients’ and health care professionals’ understanding of interventions and lifestyle behaviour change and these should be taken into consideration when designing interventions based on behaviour change theories.
Abstract: Objective This study was designed to examine patients’ and health professionals’ perspectives on lifestyle behaviour change and to inform the development of a lifestyle behaviour change intervention to be used in primary care. Design Focus groups were conducted with seven patients and 13 health professionals where they were asked to discuss lifestyle behaviour change in relation to the design and development phase of a tailored lifestyle behaviour change intervention package. Results An inductive thematic analysis of transcripts suggested a range of issues that are relevant to the development and implementation of lifestyle change interventions such as time, lack of resources and starting interventions too late, as well as personal circumstances and the continuous effort that behaviour change requires. They were interpreted as two superordinate themes of ‘internal and external influences on behaviour change’ and ‘behaviour change initiation and maintenance’. The results are discussed in relation to the im...
35 citations
TL;DR: For some families attending an obesity intervention may challenge social and individual identities, which may have an impact on subsequent behavioural decisions, and how identity may affect motivation to engage in, and sustain, new behaviours.
Abstract: Objectives: This study investigated the families’ experiences of a childhood obesity intervention and sought to understand factors that influence attendance and lifestyle behaviours.Design: Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.Results: Four themes emerged highlighting the differences and similarities between attendees and non-attendees perceptions of childhood obesity, perceptions of the intervention, practical barriers and overcoming hurdles to attending and, availability and suitability of local facilities.Conclusions: The findings relate to identity and health communication. For some families attending an obesity intervention may challenge social and individual identities, which may have an impact on subsequent behavioural decisions. Those who attend the obesity intervention may experience a shift in identity, which may or may not initially be perceived as a positive outcome. Public Health and those involved in treatment interventi...
34 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that footwear choices are activity specific and participants chose the style and design of shoes related to the image they wanted to portray and association of footwear choice to foot function and health was not found to influence choice of footwear.
Abstract: Modern footwear has been associated with the development of foot pain and pathology in the ageing adult. Yet this foot health issue does not seem to alter the footwear purchases made by younger women. In total, 162 teenage girls were questioned regarding shoes purchased over a 6-month period. The results indicated that footwear choices are activity specific and participants chose the style and design of shoes related to the image they wanted to portray. Association of footwear choice to foot function and health was not found to influence choice of footwear.
25 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that appearance-based interventions have a role to play in healthcare and educational settings with regard to UV exposure and sun protection intentions.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impact of a facial-ageing intervention on women’s sun protection attitudes and behavioural intentions, compared to a health literature intervention where participants viewed literature on the effect of ultraviolet (UV) exposure on health. Seventy women (35 in each condition) completed questionnaires at baseline and immediately post-intervention. The average age of the participants was 23.70 (SD = 5.03) years. Participants in the facial-ageing intervention condition scored significantly higher on intentions, negative attitudes and perceived sun damage susceptibility after taking part in the intervention, compared to those in the health literature intervention condition. The results are discussed in relation to suggestions for sun protection interventions aimed at women aged from 18 to 34. It is concluded that appearance-based interventions have a role to play in healthcare and educational settings with regard to UV exposure and sun protection intentions.
24 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that appearance-based interventions have a role to play in healthcare and educational settings with regards to UV exposure and sun protection intentions in men.
19 citations
TL;DR: Questions still remain as to whether physical appearance interventions have an impact on smoking attitudes, intentions or behaviours, particularly in British samples, and to inform practice, additional, well-designed, studies are needed.
Abstract: Objective A systematic review was conducted in order to identify physical appearance interventions related to smoking cessation and to evaluate their effectiveness in order to inform smoking cessation practice. Methods Articles were only included if they focused on an appearance intervention related to changing smoking attitudes, intentions or behaviour. A total of 17 online databases were searched using date restrictions (1980 to 2011), yielding 4356 articles. After screening, 11 articles were identified that met the review criteria. Seven articles investigated the impacts of facial age-progression software on smoking cessation. Three articles focused on reducing weight concerns in order to improve smoking abstinence rates. One oral health article was identified which focused on physical appearance in order to prevent or reduce smoking. Results Few studies have focused on physical appearance interventions in smoking cessation however the identified studies report positive impacts on smoking-related cognitions and cessation behaviours. Two different methods of quality analysis were conducted for quantitative and qualitative papers. The consensus was that the quality of the articles was generally weak. Of the 10 quantitative articles, 9 were rated weak and 1 was rated moderate. The one qualitative study provided clear, in-depth information. Conclusions Questions still remain as to whether physical appearance interventions have an impact on smoking attitudes, intentions or behaviours, particularly in British samples. To inform practice, additional, well-designed, studies are needed. They should include control groups, use robust randomised allocation to conditions, measures with established reliability and validity and take measures pre and post intervention.
12 citations
TL;DR: The results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents.
Abstract: The current literature suggests that forming implementation intentions (simple ‘if-then’ plans) about how to refuse the offer of a cigarette may be an effective intervention to reduce smoking initiation in adolescents. This study is a pragmatic trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention in reducing smoking initiation in a sample of UK adolescents. A cluster randomised controlled trial with at least 36 schools randomised to receive an implementation intention intervention targeting reducing smoking initiation (intervention group) or increasing homework (control group). Interventions will be conducted at the classroom level and be repeated every six months for four years (eight interventions). Objectively assessed (carbon monoxide monitor) and self-reported smoking plus smoking related cognitions (e.g., smoking intentions, attitudes, norms and self-efficacy) will be assessed at baseline and 12, 24, 36 and 48 months post baseline. Objectively assessed smoking at 48 months post baseline will be the primary outcome variable. Health economic analyses will assess life years gained. The results of the trial will provide information on the impact of a repeated implementation intention for refusing offers of cigarettes on rates of smoking initiation in adolescents. ISRCTN27596806
9 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that depression management, especially in a group format, should be offered more frequently as an integrated part of alcohol treatment due to the benefits experienced by the participants.
Abstract: A cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) depression group was integrated into the treatment of four participants in an alcohol use disorder treatment setting. Semistructured interviews with the participants were subjected to interpretative phenomological analysis to identify relevant themes. Benefits from the group experience were reported as peer support, change of thinking patterns, increased levels of confidence, and of self-efficacy. This study suggests that depression management, especially in a group format, should be offered more frequently as an integrated part of alcohol treatment due to the benefits experienced by the participants.
8 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The current study was designed to investigate British adolescents' experiences of engaging in an age-appearance morphing programme, with encouraging results, for example in terms of participants expressing intentions to increase their sun protection use in the future.
Abstract: T he World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that recreational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including exposure to the sun and a history of sunburn, are the primary causes of all melanomas, leading to skin cancer (WHO, 2012). Research has suggested that regular sun protection use, during the first 18 years of a person’s life, can reduce the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer by 78% (Jarrett, Sharp and McLelland, 1993; Severi et al., 2002). Dobbinson et al. (2008) suggest that few studies have targeted adolescents’ sun protection behaviours, and that previous interventions have typically used educational strategies which have been shown to have limited effect on sun protection behaviours. Appearance-related reasons to tan among adolescents are associated with greater intentions to sunbathe and fewer intentions to engage in sun protection behaviours (Asvat, Cafri, Thompson and Jacobsen, 2010). Thus, appearance-based interventions may be particularly useful in this population. Previous appearance-focussed studies on adolescents have used UV photography to show participants pre-existing damage to their skin (Olson et al., 2007; Olson et al., 2008). These studies have found promising results: for example, Olson et al. (2008) found that after viewing the underlying UV damage to their skin one-third of the adolescent participants, who had not previously intended to use sun protection in the next month, now intended to use it. The current study was designed to investigate British adolescents' experiences of engaging in an age-appearance morphing programme. Participants were shown how their own faces would age with and without UV damage, and their experiences were recorded whilst viewing the images. Immediately after viewing the photographs, the participants took part in focus groups, where they were able to discuss their experiences of viewing the photographs. The intervention has been used with adults (Williams, Grogan, Buckley and Clark-Carter, 2012; Williams, Grogan, Buckley and ClarkCarter, 2013; Williams, Grogan, Clark-Carter and Buckley, 2013) with encouraging results, for example in terms of participants expressing intentions to increase their sun protection use in the future.
TL;DR: This paper investigated British adolescents' awareness of, and attitudes towards, sun protection and UV exposure and found that they had mixed attitudes towards the benefits of tanned skin and positive attitudes towards UV exposure.
Abstract: The study was designed to investigate British adolescents' awareness of, and attitudes towards, sun protection and UV exposure. A qualitative design was used: data were collected from 227 Caucasian adolescents at a British secondary school, using open-ended questionnaires and ten focus groups. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The adolescents were all aware of sun protection, and felt that there were both advantages and disadvantages to the use of sunscreen, as well as advantages and disadvantages of UV exposure. They had mixed attitudes towards the benefits of tanned skin. The adolescents in this study had a good level of awareness of sun protection and the risks of UV exposure behaviour. However, there is a need for interventions that inform adolescents about the potential impact of UV exposure due to some of their ambivalent attitudes towards sun protection use and their positive attitudes towards UV exposure.