Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network.

In this paper we report the set-up and results of the Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS) organized in conjunction with the MICCAI 2012 and 2013 conferences Twenty state-of-the-art tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 65 multi-contrast MR scans of low- and high-grade glioma patients—manually annotated by up to four raters—and to 65 comparable scans generated using tumor image simulation software Quantitative evaluations revealed considerable disagreement between the human raters in segmenting various tumor sub-regions (Dice scores in the range 74%–85%), illustrating the difficulty of this task We found that different algorithms worked best for different sub-regions (reaching performance comparable to human inter-rater variability), but that no single algorithm ranked in the top for all sub-regions simultaneously Fusing several good algorithms using a hierarchical majority vote yielded segmentations that consistently ranked above all individual algorithms, indicating remaining opportunities for further methodological improvements The BRATS image data and manual annotations continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system as an ongoing benchmarking resource

/pdf/the-multimodal-brain-tumor-image-segmentation-benchmark-2gfraj98dk.pdf

The Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS)

A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration.

In prior studies [JSLHR 47, 1259‐69, 2004; JASA 116, 2338‐44, 2004], we found that speakers' auditory acuity for synthetic sibilant (/s/, /sh/) and vowel stimuli was correlated with the degree of acoustic contrast they produced. This outcome is consistent with the view that the articulatory movements underlying phonemic contrasts have auditory goals. There was also a cross‐speaker relation between sibilant contrast and use of contact between the tongue tip and lower alveolar ridge for /s/ (but not /sh), indicating that such contact is a somatosensory goal for /s/. In the current study, another, larger group of subjects also showed relations between measures of auditory acuity and acoustic contrast for sibilants and vowels. To determine whether the idea of a somatosensory goal for /s/ would also be supported by a relation between acuity and contrast, we made measurements of somatosensory discrimination. Small plastic (JVP) domes with grooves of different spacing were pressed against each subject's tongue tip and the subject was asked to identify one of four possible orientations of the grooves. A wide range of individual performance was observed with a bias‐corrected sensitivity measure. Correlations with produced sibilant contrast and further analyses will be reported. [Research supported by NIDCD, NIH.]

Auditory and somatosensory goals for sibilants

The Addition of Neuroimaging Acquisition, Processing and Analysis Terms to Neurolex

Inferior colliculus (IC) is an obligatory station along the ascending auditory pathway that also has a high degree of top-down convergence via efferent pathways, making it a major computational hub. Animal models have attributed critical roles for the IC in in mediating auditory plasticity, egocentric selection, and noise exclusion. IC contains multiple functionally distinct subdivisions. These include a central nucleus that predominantly receives ascending inputs and external and dorsal nuclei that receive more heterogeneous inputs, including descending and multisensory connections. Subdivisions of human IC have been challenging to identify and quantify using standard brain imaging techniques such as MRI, and the connectivity of each of these subnuclei has not been identified in the human brain. In this study, we estimated the connectivity of human IC subdivisions with diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography, using both anatomical-based seed analysis as well as unsupervised k-means clustering. We demonstrate sensitivity of tractography to overall IC connections in both high resolution post mortem and in vivo datasets. k-Means clustering of the IC streamlines in both the post mortem and in vivo datasets generally segregated streamlines based on their terminus beyond IC, such as brainstem, thalamus, or contralateral IC. Using fine-grained anatomical segmentations of the major IC subdivisions, the post mortem dataset exhibited unique connectivity patterns from each subdivision, including commissural connections through dorsal IC and lateral lemniscal connections to central and external IC. The subdivisions were less distinct in the context of in vivo connectivity, although lateral lemniscal connections were again highest to central and external IC. Overall, the unsupervised and anatomically driven methods provide converging evidence for distinct connectivity profiles for each of the IC subdivisions in both post mortem and in vivo datasets, suggesting that dMRI tractography with high quality data is sensitive to neural pathways involved in auditory processing as well as top-down control of incoming auditory information.

Structural Connectivity of Human Inferior Colliculus Subdivisions Using in vivo and post mortem Diffusion MRI Tractography

Capturing and Reusing Computation Details with the Neuroimaging Data Model (NIDM)

https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-02379309/document

Satrajit S. Ghosh

Papers

Auditory and somatosensory goals for sibilants

The Addition of Neuroimaging Acquisition, Processing and Analysis Terms to Neurolex

Structural Connectivity of Human Inferior Colliculus Subdivisions Using in vivo and post mortem Diffusion MRI Tractography

Capturing and Reusing Computation Details with the Neuroimaging Data Model (NIDM)

Tools for FAIR Neuroimaging Experiment Metadata Annotation with NIDM Experiment