Recent developments in cyanide detection: A review

Cyanide toxicity and their environmental impact are well known Nevertheless, they are still used in the mining, galvanic and chemical industries As a result of industrial activities, cyanides are released in various forms to all elements of the environment In a natural environment, cyanide exists as cyanogenic glycosides in plants seeds Too much consumption can cause unpleasant side effects However, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most common source of cyanide Live organisms have the ability to convert cyanide into less toxic compounds excreted with physiological fluids The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on the behaviour of cyanide in the environment and its impact on the health and human life

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Cyanides in the environment—analysis—problems and challenges

Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine excretion in urine and milk of 13 breastfeeding women was investigated and the results were interpreted by a model of parallel/competitive transport of these species by the sodium iodide symporter. For each species i, we assumed physiological homeostasis, where iT,in equals the corresponding total excretion in urine and milk (ie,u + ie,m). The fraction of the total excretion that appeared in milk fi,m was measured and ranged from 0.394−0.781, 0.018−0.144, and 0.086−0.464 for perchlorate, thiocyanate, and iodine, respectively. The corresponding median values were 0.541, 0.053, and 0.177, respectively. The selectivity factors of perchlorate over iodide transport, and thiocyanate over iodide transport, defined as fPC,m/fI,m, and fSCN,m/fI,m, respectively, were 3.14 ± 1.20 and 0.27 ± 0.26 while PCT,in, SCNT,in, and IT,in among individuals varied 4.9, 5.0, and 8.4×, respectively. These transport selectivities are an order of magnitude lower than those indicated by in vitro ...

Intake of Iodine and Perchlorate and Excretion in Human Milk

Selective determination of cyanides by gas diffusion-stopped flow-sequential injection analysis and an on-line standard addition approach.

Derivatization chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions and structurally related compounds by gas chromatography - A review.

A sensitive method using capillary gas chromatography coupled with a micro electron capture detector (μECD) has been developed for the determination of cyanide in cigarette smoke. The procedure is based upon the conversion of cyanide to cyanogen chloride by chloramine-T. Cyanogen chloride, dissolved in n-hexane, was analyzed by GC–μECD. Under optimum conditions, the detector response was linear from 25.0 ng mL−1 to 15.0 μg mL−1 with relative standard deviation between 0.07 and 3.30%. Recovery ranged from 86.0 to 116.0%. The method was shown to be precise, accurate and linear over the range of concentration of analytes.

Sensitive Determination of Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke by Capillary GC with a MicroECD

The current COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is an enormous threat to public health. The SARS‐CoV‐2 3C‐like protease (3CLpro), which is critical for viral replication and transcription, has been recognized as an ideal drug target. Herein, it is identified that three herbal compounds, Salvianolic acid A (SAA), (–)‐Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and Oridonin, directly inhibit the activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro. Further, blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity by Oridonin is confirmed in cell‐based experiments. By solving the crystal structure of 3CLpro in complex with Oridonin and comparing it to that of other ligands with 3CLpro, it is identified that Oridonin binds at the 3CLpro catalytic site by forming a CS covalent bond, which is confirmed by mass spectrometry and kinetic study, blocking substrate binding through a nonpeptidomimetic covalent binding mode. Thus, Oridonin is a novel candidate to develop a new antiviral treatment for COVID‐19.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smsc.202100124

Oridonin Inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 by Targeting Its 3C‐Like Protease

SUFU suppresses ferroptosis sensitivity in breast cancer cells via Hippo/YAP pathway

Oridonin Inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 Oridonin, a natural product extracted from Rabdosia rubescens, possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐microbial, neuroprotection, immunoregulation, etc. In article number 2100124, Baisen Zhong, Litao Sun, and co‐workers demonstrate that Oridonin targets the SARS‐CoV‐2 3CL protease by covalently binding to cysteine145 in its active pocket to exert an anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 effect, which provides a novel candidate for the treatment of COVID‐19. © 2022 WILEY‐VCH GmbH

Tick‐borne orthonairoviruses have been characterized as a global health threat to humans and animals. Tacheng Tick virus 1 (TcTV‐1) from this family was provided as evidence that is associated with the febrile illness syndrome. Here, we first identify and demonstrate that the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain of TcTV‐1 has remarkable deubiquitinating activity both in vitro and in vivo. By solving the crystal structure of TcTV‐1 OTU (tcOTU) domain and comparing it to that of human deubiquitinating enzymes, we found that overall structures of tcOTU and human OTU family are similar, but the residues involved in the catalytic pocket vary widely. Based on the tcOTU domain we screened 5090 bioactive compounds and found mecobalamin had a good effect on suppressing the deubiquitinating activity. The structural model of tcOTU and mecobalamin suggests that mecobalamin occupies the site of the substrate Ub, by blocking the substrate binding to the enzyme. Thus, our results showed OTU domain of TcTV‐1 has a robust deubiquitinating activity and mecobalamin or its derivatives might be promising candidates for the treatment or prevention of disease caused by the TcTV‐1 virus.

Shan Du

Papers

Sensitive Determination of Cyanide in Cigarette Smoke by Capillary GC with a MicroECD

Oridonin Inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 by Targeting Its 3C‐Like Protease

SUFU suppresses ferroptosis sensitivity in breast cancer cells via Hippo/YAP pathway

Oridonin Inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 by Targeting Its 3C‐Like Protease

Discovery of a small‐molecule inhibitor targeting the ovarian tumor domain of a novel Tamdy orthonairoviruse associated with human febrile illness