抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

http://www.klinikaikozpont.u-szeged.hu/pedia/images/pdf/CME_TEL/Full-Text/25.pdf

The Hallmarks of Aging

Retrospective study: The diagnostic accuracy of conventional forceps biopsy of gastric epithelial compared to endoscopic submucosal dissection (STROBE compliant).

We have witnessed great interest and a wealth of promise in content-based image retrieval as an emerging technology. While the last decade laid foundation to such promise, it also paved the way for a large number of new techniques and systems, got many new people involved, and triggered stronger association of weakly related fields. In this article, we survey almost 300 key theoretical and empirical contributions in the current decade related to image retrieval and automatic image annotation, and in the process discuss the spawning of related subfields. We also discuss significant challenges involved in the adaptation of existing image retrieval techniques to build systems that can be useful in the real world. In retrospect of what has been achieved so far, we also conjecture what the future may hold for image retrieval research.

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Image retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age

Automatic hip abductor muscle fat fraction estimation and association with early OA cartilage degeneration biomarkers.

Cartilage is one of the most significant structures for joint function and is compromised in degenerative and traumatic joint disease. MR imaging has been established as the standard cartilage imaging modality, and techniques have been developed and optimized to visualize cartilage morphology, to quantify its volume and to analyze its biochemical composition. The substantial amount of research that is invested in the development of these morphologic and quantitative imaging techniques is geared at preventing and treating traumatic and degenerative cartilage disease at the earliest stages.

Future Perspective and Significance of Cartilage Imaging and Quantification

This study investigates the feasibility of using MR to monitor tissue thermal coagulation and necrosis during ultrasound interstitial thermal therapy (USITT). Recent studies have demonstrated significant advantages of these multi-transducer ultrasound applicators, most notably the capability to dynamically tailor the longitudinal and angular heating distribution which are important for conformable treatments and preserving critical non-targeted tissue. In this effort we consider the use of MRI-based monitoring as a means of on-line treatment control and verification of USITT with these applicators. Applicator design strategies were devised which have improved MR compatibility and reduced image degradation. For this initial feasibility study, one MR thermal imaging approach was investigated: fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) sequence with temperature elevation dependent on differential phase maps. Thermal lesions were produced using interstitial ultrasound applicators in vitro and monitored in real time using the MR technique. MR-based temperature and lesion maps were correlated to physical examination of thermal lesions and temperature measurements. The temperature sensitivity and contrast of lesion determination as applied to USITT are discussed, and specific recommendations on applicator fabrication and implementation of MR imaging sequences are given.

MR thermal monitoring of ultrasound interstitial thermal therapy

Acronyms in bone densitometry

In response to our publication (Gluer et al, 1990a), Wilson and colleagues (1990) proposed the adoption of a uniform terminology and corresponding abbreviation for Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). We supported this suggestion (Gluer et al, 1990b). Since then, the number of papers on DXA has increased considerably. Still, different abbreviations (DEXA, DER, DRA, QDR and DPX) for this technique for bone densitometry are used, several of which are proprietary in origin. DXA is the upgraded version of DPA (Dual Photon Absorptiometry). The nuclear source has been replaced by an X-ray source and this improved technology has gained wide-spread acceptance and distribution.

Sharmila Majumdar

Papers

Automatic hip abductor muscle fat fraction estimation and association with early OA cartilage degeneration biomarkers.

Future Perspective and Significance of Cartilage Imaging and Quantification

MR thermal monitoring of ultrasound interstitial thermal therapy

Acronyms in bone densitometry

Acronyms in bone densitometry.