I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Principles of Neural Science

The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3 edition (beta version), may be reproduced freely for scientific, educational or clinical uses by institutions, societies or individuals. Otherwise, copyright belongs exclusively to the International Headache Society. Reproduction of any part or parts in any manner for commercial uses requires the Society’s permission, which will be granted on payment of a fee. Please contact the publisher at the address below. International Headache Society 2013. Applications for copyright permissions should be submitted to Sage Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom (tel: þ44 (0) 20 7324 8500; fax: þ44 (0) 207 324 8600) (www.sagepub.co.uk). Translations

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/89115/1/89115.pdf

The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version)

Authors Jan L. Brozek, MD, PhD – Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Jean Bousquet, MD, PhD – Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France, INSERM, CESP U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, France, and WHO Collaborating Center for Rhinitis and Asthma Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani, MD – Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina Sergio Bonini, MD – Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine – CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy G. Walter Canonica, MD – Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, DIMI, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Thomas B. Casale, MD – Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA Roy Gerth van Wijk, MD, PhD – Section of Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Ken Ohta, MD, PhD – Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Torsten Zuberbier, MD – Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Holger J. Schunemann, MD, PhD, MSc – Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

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Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma

Summary Background Through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) studies, headache has emerged as a major global public health concern. We aimed to use data from the GBD 2016 study to provide new estimates for prevalence and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for migraine and tension-type headache and to present the methods and results in an accessible way for clinicians and researchers of headache disorders. Methods Data were derived from population-based cross-sectional surveys on migraine and tension-type headache. Prevalence for each sex and 5-year age group interval (ie, age 5 years to ≥95 years) at different time points from 1990 and 2016 in all countries and GBD regions were estimated using a Bayesian meta-regression model. Disease burden measured in YLDs was calculated from prevalence and average time spent with headache multiplied by disability weights (a measure of the relative severity of the disabling consequence of a disease). The burden stemming from medication overuse headache, which was included in earlier iterations of GBD as a separate cause, was subsumed as a sequela of either migraine or tension-type headache. Because no deaths were assigned to headaches as the underlying cause, YLDs equate to disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings Almost three billion individuals were estimated to have a migraine or tension-type headache in 2016: 1·89 billion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·71–2·10) with tension-type headache and 1·04 billion (95% UI 1·00–1·09) with migraine. However, because migraine had a much higher disability weight than tension-type headache, migraine caused 45·1 million (95% UI 29·0–62·8) and tension-type headache only 7·2 million (95% UI 4·6–10·5) YLDs globally in 2016. The headaches were most burdensome in women between ages 15 and 49 years, with migraine causing 20·3 million (95% UI 12·9–28·5) and tension-type headache 2·9 million (95% UI 1·8–4·2) YLDs in 2016, which was 11·2% of all YLDs in this age group and sex. Age-standardised DALYs for each headache type showed a small increase as SDI increased. Interpretation Although current estimates are based on limited data, our study shows that headache disorders, and migraine in particular, are important causes of disability worldwide, and deserve greater attention in health policy debates and research resource allocation. Future iterations of this study, based on sources from additional countries and with less methodological heterogeneity, should help to provide stronger evidence of the need for action. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Developing and implementing successful interventions often depend upon effectively addressing ethnicity and social class factors, as these influence sexual behavior and its risks. Sexual attitudes differ across cultures. In most cultures, there are strong standards regarding sexual behavior which differ for men and women. Cultural differences also affect the extent to which early sexual behavior is considered acceptable.

Guidelines for Prevention, I

Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that usually presents with acute myelitis and/or optic neuritis. Cortical lesions used to be regarded as “red flags” of NMOSD, and indicated the possibility of alternative diagnoses. We recently had reported a NMOSD patient with weakness in both lower limbs resulting from cortical damage, which was usually attributed to spinal cord lesions. Surprisingly, we identified another patient bearing an uncanny resemblance of imaging manifestations. Cases of NMOSD with cortical impairment reported in the English language literature were reviewed and the demographic characteristics, clinical features, response to treatment, and imaging findings of these cases were analyzed. Results Our literature review identified other nine cases excluding our previously reported one. All patients had abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals findings in the cortex and leptomeninges. Eight cases reported symptoms of specific cortical impairments. Seven cases underwent follow-up MRI examination and all displayed normal images. Three cases had a previous history of Sjogren's syndrome. Conclusions Cortical impairment with leptomeningeal enhancement can be considered an imaging performance component of NMOSD. Serious damage to the blood-brain barrier and Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4) may be involved in the process of cortical and leptomeningeal damage. We identified the frontal lobes as being the most susceptible area, especially the cortex adjacent to the cerebral falx. NMOSD cortical lesions may be reversed by methylprednisolone and immunosuppressant treatment.

Cerebral cortex impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A case report and literature review.

Long-term outcomes of varicella zoster virus infection-related myelitis in 10 immunocompetent patients.

Intracranial germinomas may arise in sites besides pineal and suprasellar regions, which we call intracranial ectopic germinomas (IEGs). In this article we evaluated the rationality of radiotherapy in IEGs when histopathological evidence could not be obtained. Criteria for initiating experimental radiotherapy in patients with clinically presumed IEGs was established according to the reports published in this field and the experience gained from our five histopathologically verified IEG patients. When patients suspected to have IEGs met the criteria, radiotherapy following standard protocol was performed. Strict criteria was also employed to evaluate the effectiveness of radiotherapy after completion of initial experimental dose of radiation and to determine whether total dose of radiation should be delivered. Seven patients clinically suspected to have IEGs met the criteria for radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was evaluated as effective in six patients immediately after completion of initial experimental dose of radiation and the remaining dose was delivered. However, effectiveness of initial experimental radiotherapy was not testified until 2 months later in the other one patient. Total dose of radiation was completed and satisfactory results achieved in all seven patients. In conclusion, the histopathological verification is not mandatory for radiotherapy in patients with IEGs when histopathological evidence can not be obtained. Strict criteria should be followed to enroll patients to undergo experimental radiotherapy.

Is biopsy needed to guide management for all patients with presumed intracranial ectopic germinomas

Background and Objective 
Conflicting data have been reported on the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –308G>A and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T polymorphisms and migraine. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies to evaluate whether the TNF –308G>A and NOS3 +894G>T polymorphisms confer genetic susceptibility to migraine.
Method 
We performed an updated meta-analysis for TNF –308G>A and a meta-analysis for NOS3 +894G>T based on studies published up to July 2014. We calculated study specific odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) assuming allele contrast, dominant model, recessive model, and co-dominant model as pooled effect estimates.
Results 
Eleven studies in 6682 migraineurs and 22591 controls for TNF –308G>A and six studies in 1055 migraineurs and 877 controls for NOS3 +894G>T were included in the analysis. Neither indicated overall associations between gene polymorphisms and migraine risk. Subgroup analyses suggested that the “A” allele of the TNF –308G>A variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians (dominant model: pooled OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.15 – 2.87). The risk of migraine with aura (MA) was increased among both Caucasians and non-Caucasians. Subgroup analyses suggested that the “T” allele of the NOS3 +894G>T variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians (co-dominant model: pooled OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.14 – 3.88).
Conclusions 
Our findings appear to support the hypothesis that the TNF –308G>A polymorphism may act as a genetic susceptibility factor for migraine among non-Caucasians and that the NOS3 +894G>T polymorphism may modulate the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) –308G>A, Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T Polymorphisms and Migraine Risk: A Meta-Analysis

The thalamus exerts a pivotal role in pain processing and cortical excitability control and a previous voxel-based morphometry study confirmed increased volume in bilateral thalamus in medication-overuse headache (MOH). The aim of this study is to investigate altered thalamic subnuclei volume in MOH compared with normal controls, and to evaluate the relationship of each thalamic subnuclei volume with the clinical variables. High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MR images were obtained from 27 patients with MOH and 27 normal controls (NC). Thalamic subnuclei templates were created based on Talairach template with MNI space transformation, and the individual thalamic subnuclei templates were generated by applying the deformation field from structural image segment to the thalamic subnuclei templates, and then individual thalamci subnuclei volume were calculated. The whole thalamus and each thalamic subnuclei presented increased volume compared with NC (P   0.05). Increased gray matter volume in the whole thalamus and all the thalamus subnuclei may reflect central sensitization and higher-order of pain alteration in MOH. These structural changes in the thalamus may also be influenced by mood disturbances related to the MOH.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs10194-017-0791-5.pdf

Shengyuan Yu

Papers

Cerebral cortex impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A case report and literature review.

Long-term outcomes of varicella zoster virus infection-related myelitis in 10 immunocompetent patients.

Is biopsy needed to guide management for all patients with presumed intracranial ectopic germinomas

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) –308G>A, Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T Polymorphisms and Migraine Risk: A Meta-Analysis

Volumetric abnormalities of thalamic subnuclei in medication-overuse headache.