Silvio Buffa

TL;DR: Patients with bicuspid valve disease show a quantitative reduction of T and B lymphocyte cell subsets, and future studies are encouraged to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this observation and its pathophysiological significance.

TL;DR: Biology and physiology of EPCs are described, their clinical relevance as both new predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic CVD biomarkers and therapeutic agents are outlined, and a very crucial aspect of E PCs “characterization and definition” is underline, which seems to be the real cause of large heterogeneity existing in literature data on this topic.

TL;DR: A better understanding of immunosenescence and mechanisms responsible for proven deleterious changes is needed to maintain a healthy state in later life and to design possible therapeutic interventions.

TL;DR: Immunological differences between AD patients and age-matched controls greater than those related to age itself are identified, resulting in lower proportions of naïve cells, more late-differentiated cells and higher percentages of activated CD4+CD25+ T cells without a Treg phenotype in AD patients.

TL;DR: Memory B cells and a subset of memory B cells (namely IgG(+)IgD(-)CD27(-)) that is demonstrated is increased in healthy elderly are demonstrated to be impaired in the elderly.