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Flow The Psychology Of Optimal Experience

This article presents a review of the book “Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems,” by W.R. Scott.

Organizations: Rational, Natural and Open Systems

The business value of investments in Information Systems (IS) has been, and is predicted to remain, one of the major research topics for IS researchers. While the vast majority of research papers on IS business value find empirical evidence in favour of both the operational and strategic relevance of IS, the fundamental question of the causal relationship between IS investments and business value remains partly unexplained. Three research tasks are essential requisites on the path towards addressing this epistemological question: the synthesis of existing knowledge, the identification of a lack of knowledge and the proposition of paths for closing the knowledge gaps. This paper considers each of these tasks. Research findings include that correlations between IS investments and productivity vary widely among companies and that the mismeasurement of IS investment impact may be rooted in delayed effects. Key limitations of current research are based on the ambiguity and fuzziness of IS business value, the neglected disaggregation of IS investments, and the unexplained process of creating internal and competitive value. Addressing the limitations we suggest research paths, such as the identification of synergy opportunities of IS assets, and the explanation of relationships between IS innovation and change in IS capabilities.

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Revisiting IS business value research: what we already know, what we still need to know, and how we can get there

Organisationspädagogik beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach den Programmatiken und Semantiken des Organisierens, die für organisationale Strategien und Praktiken relevant werden. Sie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach der Veränderung organisationaler Routinen und den Akteuren des Wandels. Sie untersucht die Grammatiken, Regime und organisationalen Ordnungen des Neuen und beobachtet die Genese des Neuen im Organisieren und in der Forschung. Sie konzeptualisiert das Neue im Prozess des Organisierens. Wie also lassen sich aktuelle Programmatiken und Semantiken sowie Wissensordnungen des Neuen im Organisieren differenziert rekonstruieren? Welche Wissensbestände des Neuen werden wirksam für organisationale Programme, Strategien und Vorgehensweisen? Diesen Fragen geht der vorliegende Beitrag mit Blick auf die Wissenskulturen und -kontexte offener Gestaltungs-, Entwicklungsund Innovationsprozesse nach. Im internationalen Diskurs zeigt sich deutlich ein Trend hin zum Begriff des „Design“ als Reformulierung von Gestaltungsstrategien. So wird „Design” und besonders „Design thinking” zu einem „rising star” am globalen Firmament organisationalen Wandels und der Innovation (Weber 2013). Wie im Folgenden deutlich werden wird, formiert sich die Rede von der „Gestaltung“ sowohl in wissenschaftlichen wie auch in praxisbezogenen Diskursen. Als organisationales Veränderungswissen für Multistakeholderund „Open Innovation“Prozesse wird „Design“ und „Design-Thinking“ weit über seine klassische Gegenstandsbereiche hinaus Geltung zugesprochen und der Anspruch auf Definitionsmacht formuliert. „Design“ und „Design Thinking“ wird ein methodischer, organisationaler und sogar paradigmatischer Status zugewiesen (Mareis 2011). Dieser Begriff läßt sich als neue Mode des Organisierens und „Managens“ von organisationaler Veränderung diskutieren (Jackson 2001; Weber 2005). Handelt es sich hierbei lediglich um eine Management-Mode am Beratungsmarkt, einen Mythos des Organisierens oder ein neues Machtmodell des Organisierens (Weber 2007), das die Denkund Argumentationsfigur der „lernenden Organisation“ ablöst? Im Anschluss an eine wissensbasierte Perspektive auf den Designdiskurs (Weber

Change by design.

Data governance: A conceptual framework, structured review, and research agenda

Re-examining the causal structure of information technology impact research: some preliminary evidence

About 20 years ago, Markus and Robey noted that most research on IT impacts had been guided by deterministic perspectives and had neglected to use an emergent perspective, which could account for contradictory findings. They further observed that most research in this area had been carried out using variance theories at the expense of process theories. Finally, they suggested that more emphasis on multilevel theory building would likely improve empirical reliability. In this paper, we reiterate the observations and suggestions made by Markus and Robey on the causal structure of IT impact theories and carry out an analysis of empirical research published in four major IS journals, Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ), Information Systems Research (ISR), the European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS), and Information and Organization (IO this compares with 71% from I&O that applied a process model. Lastly, mixed levels of analysis were found in 14% of all the surveyed articles. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fejis.2008.34.pdf

Re-examining the causal structure of information technology impact research

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to rely on information and communication technologies (ICT) to survive in the digital economy. Although the literature emphasizes the link between individual digital competence (DC) and ICT use and adoption, there is a lack of understanding of how DC can be conceptualized in an SME context. Drawing on the existing literatures on SMEs and DC and on the change a gentry perspective, this exploratory study proposes a multi-dimensional conceptualization of DC and advances a typology of three DC archetypes of SME employees: Technical Expert, Organizer, and Campaigner. We provide results from a multi-case study of three Canadian SMEs suggesting that the development of DC should take into consideration the complementarity nature of the technological, social and cognitive aspects of the DC in order to successfully implement new technologies in SMEs.

/pdf/digital-competence-a-multi-dimensional-conceptualization-and-vq97e1ubpz.pdf

Digital Competence: A Multi-dimensional Conceptualization and a Typology in an SME Context

The following project report is the first of a sequence which will focus on integrated risk management. This report presents a conceptual model which goal is to define the concept of risk. This conceptual model integrates the definitions of multiple domains having an interest in risk management. With the model, a terminology is proposed. This conceptual model is a foundation upon which it will be possible to exchange methods and measures of risk between domains. Ce rapport de projet est le premier d'une serie qui s'interessera a la gestion integree du risque. Dans l'objectif de repondre a la question « qu'est-ce que le risque? », un modele conceptuel definissant le concept du risque est propose. Ce modele conceptuel integre les definitions du risque de differentes disciplines. Une terminologie a ete elaboree pour accompagner le modele. Ce modele conceptuel tente d'elaborer une base a partir de laquelle pourra se faire l'echange de methodes et de mesures entre les domaines s'interessant au risque.

Le risque: un modèle conceptuel d'intégration

In recent years, governments have introduced several reforms, often adopting management mechanisms traditionally associated with the private sector. This article looks specifically at the impact of decision-rights decentralization, along with accountability mechanisms, on performance. Twenty public sector organizations, experiencing a shift from rule-based to outcome-based control mechanisms and benefiting from different levels of autonomy and decision margins, were studied. Results show a link between the degree of power delegation and increased organizational performance. The units benefiting from greater freedom with respect to financial and human resources decisions experienced the greatest margin of performance increase. These findings underline the importance of considering the level at which measures are defined and the elements included in the measurement mechanisms (outcomes or rules).

Sommaire

Au cours des dernieres annees, les gouvernements ont lance plusieurs reformes, qui adoptent souvent des mecanismes de gestion traditionnellement associes au secteur prive. Cet article examine specifiquement les consequences que la decentralisation des droits decisionnels, et les mecanismes d'imputabilite, ont sur la performance. Les auteurs ont etudie vingt organisations du secteur public, qui connaissent une transition, alors qu'ils passent de mecanismes de controle bases sur les regles a des mecanismes de controle bases sur les resultats, et qui beneficient de differents niveaux de marges d'autonomie et de decision. Les resultats montrent un lien entre le degre de delegation de pouvoir et l'accroissement du rendement organisationnel. Les unites beneficiant d'une plus grande liberte en ce qui concerne les decisions en matiere de ressources humaines et financieres ont connu la plus grande marge de croissance du rendement. Ces resultats soulignent l'importance d'etudier le niveau auquel les mesures sont definies et les elements inclus dans les mecanismes de mesure (resultats ou regles).

Simon Bourdeau

Papers

Re-examining the causal structure of information technology impact research: some preliminary evidence

Re-examining the causal structure of information technology impact research

Digital Competence: A Multi-dimensional Conceptualization and a Typology in an SME Context

Le risque: un modèle conceptuel d'intégration

Public sector performance and decentralization of decision rights