The combination of an increasing number of new cancer cases and improving survival rates has led to a large and rapidly growing population with unique health-care requirements. Exercise has been proposed as a strategy to help address the issues faced by cancer patients. Supported by a growing body of research, major health organizations commonly identify the importance of incorporating exercise in cancer care and advise patients to be physically active. This systematic review comprehensively summarizes the available epidemiologic and randomized controlled trial evidence investigating the role of exercise in the management of cancer. Literature searches focused on determining the potential impact of exercise on 1) cancer mortality and recurrence and 2) adverse effects of cancer and its treatment. A total of 100 studies were reviewed involving thousands of individual patients whose exercise behavior was assessed following the diagnosis of any type of cancer. Compared with patients who performed no/less exercise, patients who exercised following a diagnosis of cancer were observed to have a lower relative risk of cancer mortality and recurrence and experienced fewer/less severe adverse effects. The findings of this review support the view that exercise is an important adjunct therapy in the management of cancer. Implications on cancer care policy and practice are discussed.

The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recurrence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects

PurposeThis article reviews and updates the evidence on the associations between physical activity and risk for cancer, and for mortality in persons with cancer, as presented in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.MethodsSystematic reviews of meta-analy

Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review.

With the prevalence of obesity on the rise, keeping young children physically active is an important strategy to promote their health and well-being. But survey instruments to measure physical activity in preschool-aged children are lacking. Furthermore, direct measures of their physical activity are often not feasible in large studies. Time spent playing outdoors is a potential surrogate measure of physical activity for this group, but parental-report measures of outdoor playtime have not been evaluated. This study compared a direct measure of children's physical activity with two parental-report measures of it, finding that they are significantly correlated and suggesting that parental reports are worth future evaluation as a survey measure.

Parental Report of Outdoor Playtime as a Measure of Physical Activity in PreschoolAged Children

Background
Resistance to all first-line antibiotics necessitates the use of less effective or more toxic “reserve” agents Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) harboring such difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) may have higher mortality than phenotypes that allow for ≥1 active first-line antibiotic

Difficult-to-Treat Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteremia at 173 US Hospitals: Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcome of Resistance to All First-line Agents.

National health care registries in the Nordic countries share many attributes, but different legal and ethical frameworks represent a challenge to promoting effective joint research. Internationally, there is a lack of knowledge about how ethical matters are considered in Nordic registry-based research, and a lack of knowledge about how Nordic ethics committees operate and what is needed to obtain an approval. In this paper, we review ethical aspects of registry-based research, the legal framework, the role of ethics review boards in the Nordic countries, and the structure of the ethics application. We discuss the role of informed consent in registry-based research and how to safeguard the integrity of study participants, including vulnerable subjects and children. Our review also provides information on the different government agencies that contribute registry-based data, and a list of the major health registries in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Both ethical values and conditions for registry-based research are similar in the Nordic countries. While Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden have chosen different legal frameworks, these differences can be resolved through mutual recognition of ethical applications and by harmonizing the different systems, likely leading to increased collaboration and enlarged studies.

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Ethical aspects of registry-based research in the Nordic countries

Background: Few studies have investigated the association between post-diagnosis physical activity and mortality among men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate t ...

https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/cebp/24/1/57.full.pdf

Physical Activity and Survival among Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer

Background: Meal-Q and its shorter version, MiniMeal-Q, are 2 new Web-based food frequency questionnaires. Their meal-based and interactive format was designed to promote ease of use and to minimize answering time, desirable improvements in large epidemiological studies. Objective: We evaluated the validity of energy and macronutrient intake assessed with Meal-Q and MiniMeal-Q as well as the reproducibility of Meal-Q. Methods: Healthy volunteers aged 20-63 years recruited from Stockholm County filled out the 174-item Meal-Q. The questionnaire was compared to 7-day weighed food records (WFR; n=163), for energy and macronutrient intake, and to doubly labeled water (DLW; n=39), for total energy expenditure. In addition, the 126-item MiniMeal-Q was evaluated in a simulated validation using truncated Meal-Q data. We also assessed the answering time and ease of use of both questionnaires. Results: Bland-Altman plots showed a varying bias within the intake range for all validity comparisons. Cross-classification of quartiles placed 70%-86% in the same/adjacent quartile with WFR and 77% with DLW. Deattenuated and energy-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficients with the WFR ranged from r=0.33-0.74 for macronutrients and was r=0.18 for energy. Correlations with DLW were r=0.42 for Meal-Q and r=0.38 for MiniMeal-Q. Intraclass correlations for Meal-Q ranged from r=0.57-0.90. Median answering time was 17 minutes for Meal-Q and 7 minutes for MiniMeal-Q, and participants rated both questionnaires as easy to use. Conclusions: Meal-Q and MiniMeal-Q are easy to use and have short answering times. The ranking agreement is good for most of the nutrients for both questionnaires and Meal-Q shows fair reproducibility.

/pdf/two-new-meal-and-web-based-interactive-food-frequency-3iby6xoy7f.pdf

Two new meal- and web-based interactive food frequency questionnaires: validation of energy and macronutrient intake.

Background: Many studies rely on self-reported anthropometric data. While paper-based self-reports have been the standard collection mode, the number of studies collecting self-reported data via the Web is increasing rapidly. Although numerous studies have shown good agreement between self-reported and measured weight using paper-based questionnaires, the validity of using the Web to inquire about weight is unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to validate Web-based self-reports of bodyweight compared to weight measured at the study center. Methods: The validity of weight self-reported via the Web was assessed by comparing self-reports against measurements of weight in a convenience sample of 149 individuals (77.2% women, 115/149), aged 20-65 years. Study participants self-reported their weight via a Web-based questionnaire and thereafter had their weight measured in the research center. Results: The Spearman correlation coefficient between self-reported and measured weight was 0.98 ( P <.001). The mean difference between self-reported and measured weight was -1.2 (SD 2.6) kg. There was a statistically significant difference between self-reported and measured weight with the self-reported being lower ( P <.001). Subjects with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m 2 , and subjects ≥30 years of age, under-reported their weight statistically significantly more than subjects with a BMI <25 kg/m 2 , and subjects <30 years of age, respectively. Conclusions: Our results show that self-reported weight via the Web can be a valid method of data collection. [J Med Internet Res 2013;15(4):e52]

How Valid are Web-Based Self-Reports of Weight?

Background: Increased use of the Internet provides new opportunities for collecting data in large studies. The aim of our new Web-based questionnaire, Active-Q, is to assess total physical activity ...

Active-Q: Validation of the Web-Based Physical Activity Questionnaire Using Doubly Labeled Water

BACKGROUNDBody Mass index (BMI) has been shown to affect risk and mortality of several cancers. Prostate cancer and obesity are major public health concerns for middle-aged and older men. Previous ...

Stephanie E Bonn

Papers

Physical Activity and Survival among Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer

Two new meal- and web-based interactive food frequency questionnaires: validation of energy and macronutrient intake.

How Valid are Web-Based Self-Reports of Weight?

Active-Q: Validation of the Web-Based Physical Activity Questionnaire Using Doubly Labeled Water

Body mass index and mortality in men with prostate cancer